Operational Oceanography System applied to the Prestige oil-spillage event

This contribution describes the procedure used during the Prestige oil-spillage event, by means of an Operational Oceanography System, and the behaviour of the present prediction tools (hydrodynamic and dispersion models) applied to it. The accuracy of these tools is estimated by a reanalysis of field data transmitted by a sea surface drifting buoy, released at the time of the oil spill. The numerical models applied were the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), fed by the available six-hourly NCEP atmospheric information, together with a Lagrangian Particle-Tracking Model (LPTM). ROMS has been used to estimate the current fields for the Bay of Biscay, whilst the LPTM has provided the oil spill trajectories. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the numerical models depends upon the quality of the meteorological input data. In this case, the current fields at the sea surface, derived by ROMS, have been underestimated by the wind fields of the NCEP reanalysis data. An efficient calibration of these wind fields, with data provided by the Gascony buoy (fixed oceanic and atmospheric station), achieves more realistic looking results; this is reflected in the comparison between the buoy trajectory predicted numerically and the tracked movements of the drifting buoy.     

油船舱内液面高度测量雷达系统

本文介绍一种微波雷达舱内液位高度测量系统，该系统推广了一般调频连续波雷达的测距原理，利用ＦＦＴ技术从雷达回波信号的频率和相位中提取距离信息，并采用高速信号处理芯片ＤＳＰ实现雷达信号的实时处理，实验结果表明该系统的距离测量精度可以达到１ｍｍ。     

油船货油装卸操作模拟器的系统设计

油船货油装卸操作模拟器是我们自行开发研制的用于培训油船船员的大型仿真系统。针对该模拟器的功能、要求及特点,本文主要论述了该模拟系统的硬件拓扑结构、并行智能化的软件内核设计以及模拟器的各项仿真作业功能     

基于变质量热力学的油舱气相区动态模型

根据变质量系统热力学原理,基于浓度边界层理论作出油舱气相区中舱气均一性的系列假设,应用控制容积质量守恒方程、能量守恒方程和连续性方程及气体状态方程,针对液货作业建立油舱气相区数学模型。该模型普适于表征各种液货作业过程油舱中舱气组分、压力和温度等参数的变化。研究表明,气相状态受到液货作业行为及环境因素的扰动,具体行为取决于液货装卸、惰气充注、透气速率、环境温度和货物物性参数等。该研究为气相状态安全控制和液货作业优化提供了理论依据。     

液化天然气专用码头系泊安全操作仿真研究

考虑液化天然气码头对安全的特殊要求,结合船舶系泊作业中的诸多因素,以液化天然气专用码头为例,运用船舶操纵模拟器对液化天然气船靠离码头的过程进行仿真实验,由此分析港口水域的风、流、浪及回旋水域尺度等因素对液化天然气船系泊作业的影响,为船舶靠离泊安全操纵提供参考数据,也可为液化天然气码头的建设提供科学的论证。     

Dispersion of spilled oil by a cavitating jet at sea

This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants.     

一种步进电机控制的气体压力闭环控制系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种步进电机控制的气体压力闭环控制系统。该系统的主控计算机根据气体实际注入情况和预期的注入设定值进行准确计算后,控制步进电机驱动卡驱动相应的步进电机,调节精密减压器的开度,从而确保工作气体的长时间、高精度恒压注入。本系统具有控制精度高、控制速度快、通用性好、价格低等特点。     

Axial vibrations of a propulsion system taking into account the couplings and the boundary conditions

Calculations of the axial vibrations of a marine power transmission system are a very difficult problem owing to the complicated couplings and difficulties in determining the boundary conditions. The torsional–bending–axial coupling action of the system should be accounted for when considering its dynamics. A determination of the mutual interference of system vibrations and their boundary conditions is also necessary. A performance analysis of the main engine bearings, the thrust bearings, and the axial dampers should also be carried out. Thus, the effects of additional bending stresses in the crankshaft and possible vibrations of the ships structure due to the reaction force in the thrust bearings should be considered. I have devised a computer program to analyse the axial vibration problem. The numerical analysis method presented is compared with measurements (performed on real ships) and verified by them.     

超大型船舶管路优化设计

根据渤船重工有限公司建造的320 000 tVLCC超大型原油船的生产实际经验,从节省能源、节约材料角度阐述了超大型船舶管路综合布置的优化设计内容.     

燃气轮机性能的数学模型及其优化解法

本文建立了流量残量方程组形式的燃气轮机性能的新数学模型，并提出了用Newton-Raphson和DFP－BFS优化组合解法来求解该模型。计算实践表明，该法不仅稳定性高、收敛速度快，而且求解精度高，可在任何工况下都得到较为满意的结果，在燃气轮机设计中有一定的实用价值。