铁道车辆运行安全评判的轮对爬轨脱轨准则

为了掌握车辆爬轨脱轨机理及主要影响因素,分析了轮对的三维空间受力,推导了轮轨横向力和垂向力比值的一般表示式,假设车轮在达到最大轮缘接触角时为脱轨的临界状态,并认为这时轮轨间出现完全摩擦滑动,导出了不考虑轮对摇头角的临界脱轨判别的二维准则与考虑轮对摇头角和轮轨蠕滑率效应的三维脱轨判别准则,给出了轮轴脱轨系数的定义,采用轮轴脱轨系数和轮重减载率进行脱轨的判别。仿真计算结果表明:二维脱轨判别准则与三维准则相比偏于保守;摇头角越小甚至变负,越有利于防止脱轨,摇头角越大,三维准则的临界脱轨曲线越接近于二维准则的;减小轮轨摩擦系数与增大轮缘角均有利于防止脱轨的发生。     

车辆离散特性研究及仿真

针对目前有关分车道行驶的方案,对不同车辆行驶速度特征进行的研究,以及对不分车道行驶和分车道行驶两种情况下的车辆运行状况进行的有效仿真,可为当前公交优先通行提供较好的理论基础.     

唐山中低速磁悬浮列车试验线牵引供电系统

为进行中低速磁悬浮列车的各项功能试验,在唐山修建了1.5 km的试验线.根据试验线系统的特点,阐述了其牵引供电系统供电电压制式的选择,牵引变电所的主接线、设计原则、负荷容量的计算方法及主要电气设备.通过设计和试验,掌握了中低速磁悬浮列车牵引变电系统的设计要求及设备选型原则.     

(Unintended) Transport impacts of an energy-environment policy: The case of CNG conversion of vehicles in Dhaka

Motor vehicles are one of the major sources of air pollution in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The government took various policies to convert the petroleum vehicles on road to run on compressed natural gas (CNG), which allows both air quality improvements and energy security benefits. One of the market friendly policies to encourage the fuel switch was to increase the price differential between CNG and petrol and diesel. This has allowed a wide-scale adoption of CNG as the fuel of choice. However, several years into the policy, there is now a widespread belief among the policymakers that the CNG conversion may have increased car ownership and car travel due to their lower running costs, resulting in more congestion and a reversal of the strategy is on the cards. It is therefore important to test the hypothesis whether CNG conversion had genuinely increased car ownership and car travel in Dhaka city. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and an econometric intervention analysis to understand the impact of CNG conversion on car ownership and car travel in Dhaka. Attention is also given to disentangle the self-selection and price-induced travel effects of CNG conversion. Results show that ownership did not increase, but travel of on-road vehicles increased due to the CNG policy. However, additional congestion costs are still around one half of the health benefits brought about by the policy.     

DCY900运梁车过隧道运梁的改造设计研究

合福客运专线箱梁架设过程中,需过隧道运输箱梁,但DCY900型运梁车驮运箱梁时,外形尺寸超限,无法通过隧道。通过对隧道尺寸及运梁车工况分析,提出合理的运梁车改造设计方案,使DCY900运梁车顺利地通过隧道运梁,解决了实际施工问题。     

车辆动力性能评价仿真系统设计

运用LabVIEW图形化编程软件,通过结构化设计及模块化编程,设计出车辆动力性能评价仿真系统.该仿真系统考虑了多种参数对车辆动力性能的影响,并且能够处理Excel扭矩数据表格和生成Word报表文档,使用方便,仿真结果准确性较高.利用此仿真结果可进一步优化车辆的结构参数,从而提高车辆的动力性能.     

Extracting driving characteristics from heavy goods vehicle tachograph charts

European Union regulations require haulage companies of member states like the UK to keep records of their drivers’ hours of work. All heavy goods vehicles (HGV's) over 7.5 tonnes are fitted with tachographs which record a driver's operating activities (periods of driving, other work and rest). These records are etched onto a laminated chart by various styli, one of which records the vehicle's speed. This paper describes the development and testing of a new technique for extracting individual driving characteristics from the speed trace of an HGV tachograph chart to calculate four parameters: distance travelled, average speed, time travelled and speed variability.

The average speed, time travelled and speed variability were analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance tests. Speed variability was found to be particularly useful for identifying differences between individual driver's behaviour. Once differences in behaviours can be identified it may be possible to link certain driving habits to factors such as component wear, accident rates and excessive fuel usage.     

Forecasting bunker prices; A nonstationary,multivariate methodology

This paper suggests a methodological approach for the forecasting of marine fuel prices. The prediction of the bunker prices is of outmost importance for operators, as bunker prices affect heavily the economic planning and financial viability of ventures and determine decisions related to compliance with regulations. A multivariate nonstationary stochastic model available in the literature is being retrieved, after appropriate adjustment and testing. The model belongs to the class of periodically correlated stochastic processes with annual periodic components. The time series are appropriately transformed to become Gaussian, and then are decomposed to deterministic seasonal characteristics (mean value and standard deviation) and a residual time series. The residual part is proved to be stationary and then is modeled as a Vector AutoRegressive Mooving Average (VARMA) process. Finally, using the methodology presented, forecasts of a tetra-variate and an octa-variate time series of bunker prices are produced and are in good agreement with actual values. The obtained results encourages further research and deeper investigation of the driving characters of the multivariate time series of bunker prices.     

轨道交通车载智能应急电源系统

作为在紧急情况下为轨道交通列车辅助系统供电的应急电源,铅酸或镍铬电池被普遍使用;随着技术的不断发展,锂离子电池的应用也越来越广泛.介绍了GJCL-A型锂离子轨道交通车载智能应急电源系统的组成、工作原理、设计方案及试点应用情况.GJCL-A型锂离子轨道交通车载智能应急电源系统的试验应用结果表明,用于车厢的110V应急供电4 300 s后,其剩余电量仍有40％以上.     

Resolving the property right of transportation emissions through public–private partnerships

The application of public–private partnerships (P3’s) in the transportation sector has grown in popularity worldwide. Despite this important shift in the provision of transportation service, there are clear gaps in knowledge about the impacts of P3 projects, especially on emissions from transportation systems as a whole. Not only should policy makers evaluate the emissions impacts from P3 projects, but they should also think about innovative models that address or charge for emissions into P3 contracts. This addition to P3 contracts could provide a new solution to the long-existing property right paradox: who owns (is responsible for) emissions from transportation systems? This study attempts to fill the research gap by analyzing these innovative models. Using the road network of Fresno, California, as our case study, we offer a number of interesting insights for policy makers. First, average peak emissions costs range from 1.37 cents per mile (the do-nothing case) to 1.20 cents per mile (profit-maximizing cases) per vehicle. Although emissions costs from the P3 projects are lowest for the profit-maximizing cases, the system-wide emissions costs of these cases are highest because of spillover effects. Second, charging project owners for the emissions costs of P3 projects is not an effective way to reduce emissions or the total costs of travel, especially on a VMT basis. Instead, the public sector should implement emissions-included social cost-based price ceilings. When employing these limits, project owners could still be charged for the emissions costs. Finally, using total travel time as the only objective function for evaluating P3 projects can be misleading. Several P3 projects have shown better outcomes using total travel cost with the inclusion of emissions and fuel consumption costs, instead of using total travel time as the only objective function.