Marginal costs of freeway traffic congestion with on-road pollution exposure externality

The health cost of on-road air pollution exposure is a component of traffic marginal costs that has not previously been assessed. The main objective of this paper is to introduce on-road pollution exposure as an externality of traffic, particularly important during traffic congestion when on-road pollution exposure is highest. Marginal private and external cost equations are developed that include on-road pollution exposure in addition to time, fuel, and pollution emissions components. The marginal external cost of on-road exposure includes terms for the marginal vehicle’s emissions, the increased emissions from all vehicles caused by additional congestion from the marginal vehicle, and the additional exposure duration for all travelers caused by additional congestion from the marginal vehicle. A sensitivity analysis shows that on-road pollution exposure can be a large portion (18%) of marginal social costs of traffic flow near freeway capacity, ranging from 4% to 38% with different exposure parameters. In an optimal pricing scenario, excluding the on-road exposure externality can lead to 6% residual welfare loss because of sub-optimal tolls. While regional pollution generates greater costs in uncongested conditions, on-road exposure comes to dominate health costs on congested freeways because of increased duration and intensity of exposure. The estimated marginal cost and benefit curves indicate a theoretical preference for price controls to address the externality problem. The inclusion of on-road exposure costs reduces the magnitudes of projects required to cover implementation costs for intelligent transportation system (ITS) improvements; the net benefits of road-pricing ITS systems are increased more than the net benefits of ITS traffic flow improvements. When considering distinct vehicle classes, inclusion of on-road exposure costs greatly increases heavy-duty vehicle marginal costs because of their higher emissions rates and greater roadway capacity utilization. Lastly, there are large uncertainties associated with the parameters utilized in the estimation of health outcomes that are a function of travel pollution intensity and duration. More research is needed to develop on-road exposure modeling tools that link repeated short-duration exposure and health outcomes.     

The performance of route modification and demand stabilization strategies in stochastic vehicle routing

A key concern in managing vehicle routing operations under stochastic demands is whether, on the basis of travel distance, route modification yields materially greater logistical efficiency than fixed routes. This research uses statistical calibration as the primary technique to develop a robust and tractable model for estimating this difference in logistical efficiency. Based on features such as the models predictive accuracy and generalizability, it constitutes a substantive improvement over existing models. The present study also expands the range of predictive models relevant to vehicle routing under stochastic demands with models to estimate the transportation and inventory effects of persuading customers to stabilize their ordering patterns.     

高黎贡山隧道1号竖井设计及分析

为了满足高黎贡山隧道竖井施工任务要求，综合隧道所处环境及竖井能力需求，按照竖井井口、井筒、井下3方面统筹考虑的总体设计思路，提出高黎贡山隧道1号竖井设计关键问题的解决方案： 1）根据井口地形、地貌条件及提升设备、井口车场布置要求，合理布置井口场坪； 2）根据竖井功能定位，竖井宜采用主副井模式； 3）根据井下施工的出渣量、材料数量、人员进出量等综合考虑竖井断面尺寸； 4）当地质条件、水文地质条件允许时，竖井宜采用短段掘砌混合作业法施工，设置模筑混凝土井壁； 5）竖井提升设备宜按井下施工期间的要求考虑，建井期间各设备之间能力应匹配； 6）竖井施工能力应满足井下施工期间出渣、进料要求，并留有富余； 7）井底车场应结合运输方式及进料、出渣等功能要求确定； 8）竖井安全保障应首要解决地下水问题。目前高黎贡山隧道1号竖井主井已完成建井，结果表明铁路隧道竖井按照以上设计方法及思路是可行的。     

地铁车辆辅助逆变电源分析研究

分析直接逆变方式、斩波降压逆变方式、两重斩波降压逆变方式地铁车辆辅助逆变电源的电路结构方案。结合北京"复八线"地铁车辆进口辅助逆变电源的技术条件,介绍DC750V国产化地铁车辆辅助逆变电源的研制方案和主要技术特点。给出方案的试验波形。     

上海地铁车辆的临修技术[2]——车辆空调及客室车门的临修

介绍了地铁车辆空调的一般故障及临修方法,并分析了车辆移动门与塞拉门的特点,对其故障与临修技术进行了说明。     

基于跑车试验的新欣南大桥冲击系数研究

基于冲击系数的不确定性，采用移动跑车试验方法得到桥梁最不利荷载位置处的动、静挠度值，结合新欣南大桥汽车冲击系数，对其进行相应的理论分析比较，得到以下结论：随着车速的增加，汽车冲击系数有先增大后减小的趋势，并在一定车速下取得最大值。而各国相关规范中冲击系数的计算值与实测值差距很大，实测冲击系数随着车速的变化会有一定的差别，各国规范并没有反映出其变化规律，因此需要依据大量的移动荷载试验展开研究。     

电动汽车动力电池热失控过程分析及预警机制设计

文章通过实验数据对热失控发生的过程进行分析,提取出关键的信号特征。设计出一套全面完整的热失控预警系统,并总结出多个报警条件,避免出现故障的误报及漏报的情况。最后介绍了热失控预警后整车及大数据的应对措施。     

基于令牌环网络拓扑结构的地铁电动客车网络监控系统

列车网络控制系统目前已经成为城市轨道车辆控制的主要方案之一,该系统将车辆主要电气设备的监控信息通过网络连接的终端融合在一起,便于设备控制、维护和司机操作。本文介绍基于ARCnet网络技术以及令牌环传输协议的网络监控技术,最后介绍地铁电动客车的网络基本构成和节点控制方案。     

使用新型辅助变流器节能

新型辅助变流器(BNU)及其新结构设计可减轻有轨车辆辅助电源装置的质量.与传统的典型地铁车辆的辅助变流器相比,这种新辅助变流器的质量可减轻约50%,并且可大大降低能耗.通过采用中频隔离变压器和非焊接箱体可减轻质量,随之而来也扩展了BNU的功能.