在船舶安检中加强对船员实操性检查

从船舶安检时进行的船员实操性检查中发现的问题出发,对船舶经营人公司、船方的管理和船员方面存在的问题进行了原因分析,提出了实操检查中存在问题的解决措施。     

庞巴迪直线电机轨道交通 系统关键技术及改进

庞巴迪INNOVIA ART直线电机系统的关键技术包括系统设计、系统集成、直线电机、径向自导式转向架以及轻量化车体。通过INNOVIA ART产品平台的使用、车辆的轻量化设计、车体设计、直线电机的改进、噪声的改善等措施,使该直线电机系统在满足中等运量要求,降低建设和运营成本,实现全天候、高可靠性无人驾驶运行,小转弯半径,大坡度,低噪声,高服务质量以及适合城市环境等方面达到最优化。     

香港“城铁一体化”开发模式对城际轨道交通可持续发展的启示

当前国内城际轨道交通的发展对以轨道交通为导向的城市综合开发提出更高的要求,针对性剖析香港铁路发展历程和成功经验,结合相关数据分析,研究"城铁一体化"综合开发模式对城际轨道交通可持续发展的作用和意义,对该模式下的财务、政策和技术层面的问题进行探讨,提出"城铁一体化"开发须在政策层面制定相应的"权益流程",实施开发建设的集约化;在运营层面体现"共赢"原则,构建"轨道交通运营+效益返还"机制;针对城市各区域发展不同步的特点,在一体化建设中采用灵活的预留机制满足分期建设的需求,最终实现轨道交通的可持续发展。     

软土地区下穿运营高铁通道工程关键技术研究

天津市武清区某城市干道下穿高速铁路及普速铁路立交工程是我国首例下穿运营高铁的通道工程,具有安全风险高、工程技术复杂、施工难度极大等特点。以高速铁路为研究对象,针对其软土地区及临近运营高铁等特点,分别对工程防护设计与安全评估技术、高压旋喷桩施工和开挖对桥台影响试验、全封闭止水、开挖、顶进施工技术以及监测技术进行了深入研究和测试,取得了大量宝贵的试验和实测数据,提出一整套软土地区临近高铁工程的安全评估和防护技术、监测技术和施工方法。研究结论:针对降水、开挖、打桩等关键工序进行安全评估计算分析是必要的;采取"分段开挖、边挖边压、上下分层、同层分片、逐片推进"施工措施,及"及时封底、分段浇筑"施工模式,可有效降低施工对高铁工程沉降变形的影响;旋喷桩施工对高铁影响较大,施工时需要注意控制压力,尽量在15 m以外。     

CORS技术在油田用地变更调查中的应用

结合大庆市油田用地变更调查实际,阐述CORS技术的发展及应用现状,重点介绍在油田用地变更调查中应用CORS系统的实际经验,分析CORS技术在油田土地管理应用中的特点,并对其测量精度进行评价。     

基于地基雷达的高铁简支箱梁运营性能检定

针对高铁桥梁运营性能参数传统测试方法存在的数据采集设备安装困难、数据传输不稳定、工作效率低等问题,运用地基雷达非接触、高精度、高频率测量技术,对京沪高铁31.5m预应力混凝土双线简支箱梁进行运营性能检定。结果表明:在动车组时速为300km以上、载客运行状态下,检测得到该桥梁体的自振频率为6.823Hz,挠跨比为1/7 150~1/9 450,梁端转角为0.33‰~0.43‰;单线运行条件下梁体竖向振幅为0.13mm,横向振幅为0.07mm;实测动力系数小于运营动力系数;基于地基雷达的检定结果与传统方法检定结果相吻合;简支箱梁的运行性能参数与相关规范规定的通常值相接近;采用地基雷达能够方便、快速、高效地检定出高铁桥梁的梁体自振频率、梁体跨中挠度、梁端转角、运营动力系数、跨中竖向振幅和横向振幅,为我国高铁简支箱梁运营性能检定提供了新的方法。     

基于运营场景的CTCS-3级列控系统功能需求分析

为了满足我国高速铁路的运营要求,通过自主创新形成了一套完整的基于无线闭塞技术的中国列车运行控制系统CTCS-3级规范。从CTCS-3级列控系统运营场景的角度,对CTCS-3级列控系统的功能需求进行分析,包括列车注册与注销、等级转换、行车许可、调车、紧急情况处理、临时限速、RBC切换等。     

Optimal combinations of selected tactics for public-transport transfer synchronization

Handling efficiently and effectively real-time vehicle control is of major concern of public transport (PT) operators. One related problem is on how to reduce the uncertainty of simultaneous arrivals of two or more vehicles at a transfer point. Improper or lack of certain control actions leads to have missed transfers, one of the undesirable features of the PT service. Missed transfers result in increase of passenger waiting and travel times, and of passenger frustration. This work focuses on reducing the uncertainty of missed transfers by the use of control tactics in real-time operation. The developed model improves the PT service performance by optimally increasing the number of direct transfers and reducing the total passenger travel time. This model consists of two policies built upon a combination of two tactics: holding and skip-stop/segment, where a segment is a group of stops. The implementation of the concept is performed in two steps: optimization and simulation. The optimization searches for the best combination of operational tactics. The simulation serves as a validation of the optimal results under a stochastic framework. A case in Auckland, New Zealand is used. The results show that by applying the holding-skip stop, and holding-skip segment tactics the number of direct transfers are increased by about 100% and 150%, and the total passenger travel time is reduced by 2.14% and 4.1%, respectively, compared with the no-tactic scenario. The holding-skip segment tactic results with 47% more direct transfers than the holding-skip stop tactic for short headway operation.     

Strain estimation for offshore wind turbines with jacket substructures using dual-band modal expansion

Structural fatigue is a design driver for offshore wind turbines (OWT). In particular, the substructures, like jackets, are strongly affected by fatigue. Monitoring the fatigue progression in the welds is vital for the maintenance and a potential lifetime extension. However, inspections of critical locations are costly due to the limited accessibility of the mostly submerged jacket. Considering the high number of potentially critical welds, it is regarded as economically unfeasible to equip all fatigue hot spots with sensors. Thus, an indirect method to monitor the fatigue progress of the structure and point out critical locations is desirable. For a consistent support of ongoing maintenance, it has to yield reliable results for varying operational and environmental conditions. This paper applies a virtual sensing approach to jacket substructures. From a small set of sensors on the tower, fatigue at every desired location of the jacket is estimated using dual-band modal expansion. Simulations using the OC4 jacket design are performed to show potentials and limitations of the method. Namely fatigue progress on leg welds of K-joints is predicted with high accuracy over a wide range of load cases. However, some difficulties in fatigue prediction of X-joints due to the occurrence of local modes and limitations in the extrapolation of wave loading have to be resolved in future work.     

Probabilistic assessment of aviation CO2 emission targets

Passenger demand for air transportation is expected to continue growing into the future. The increase in operations will undoubtedly lead to an escalation in harmful carbon dioxide emissions, an adverse effect that governing bodies have been striving to mitigate. The International Air Transport Association has set aggressive environmental targets for the global aviation industry. This paper investigates the achievability of those targets in the US using a top-down partial equilibrium model of the aviation system complemented with a previously developed fleet turnover procedure. Three ‘enablers’ are considered: aircraft technologies, operational improvements and sustainable biofuels. To account for sources of uncertainty, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to run a multitude of scenarios. It was found that the likelihood of meeting all targets is extremely low (0.3%) for the expected demand growth rates in the US. Results show that biofuels have the most impact on system CO₂ emissions, responsible for an average 64% of the total savings by 2050 (with aircraft technologies and operational improvements responsible for 31% and 5%, respectively). However, this impact is associated with high uncertainty and very dependent on both biofuel type and availability.