哈飞路宝正面碰撞安全性车身优化设计

针对哈飞路宝轿车车身设计的具体要求,建立了用于碰撞分析的整车车身结构简化有限元模型,并利用该模型对车身前部结构的几种设计方案进行了选择分析。利用计算机模拟技术对整车车身结构的有限元模型进行了模拟碰撞分析。模拟结果与实车碰撞试验结果的对比表明,所采用计算方法和模拟过程正确,提出的优化设计方案可以提高该轿车产品的被动安全性。     

电喷汽油机可变进气系统的优化设计

利用发动机一维气体流动模拟程序，对某电喷汽油机进气系统的流动过程进行了模拟计算。对该汽油机采用的可变进气系统的歧管直径和长度、控制阀开关的切换转速等结构参数进行了优化设计。计算结果表明，与原机相比，经优化设计后系统的充气效率最大增加幅值大于11％，且改变了充气效率随转速的变化趋势。分析了配气正时对可变进气系统充气效率的影响。     

蒙特卡洛法在边坡锚杆优化设计中的应用

在边坡可靠性分析的基础上，以边坡几何形状，边坡加固为设计变量，建立了以经济指标为设计目标的目标函数，并采用蒙特卡洛法进行锚杆边坡的优化设计。     

应力约束下车架的结构拓扑优化设计

根据汽车车架的结构及受力特点，建立了汽车车架结构拓扑优化模型，对薄板结构的极限应力分析表明，应力约束下汽车车架结构拓扑优化可用薄板结构尺寸优化方法的数学模型来描述，并用修改的满应力法求解。文中的数值结果表明这个方法是有效的算法。     

考虑汽车档位使用率的传动比优化设计

在汽车整车参数和发动机等已确定的情况下，传动比对整车动力性和燃油经济性很大影响，本文根据发动机的外特性和万有特性，结合汽车的档位使用率，探讨如何选择传动系的传动比及其优化问题，最后给出了传动比优化的算例，优化结果与国内外先进变速器的速比设置相比符合得较好。     

Optimum design of tilting bogie frame in consideration of fatigue strength and weight

This paper addresses the use of finite-element (FE) analysis to calculate the fatigue strength of a bogie frame, for the development of tilting trains in Korea. A multi-body dynamic analysis was performed to extract the load condition by tilting on curves. Using the results of the multi-body dynamic analysis and the load scenario setout in the UIC standard, FE analysis was performed to obtain the stress distribution and to calculate the fatigue strength. An attempt was made to minimize the weight of the bogie frame using a back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN). The results of this study reveal that the stresses at some nodes are near the fatigue limit in the Goodman diagram and by using back-propagation ANN, the weight of the bogie frame could be reduced by 4.7%.     

An easy procedure to determine Magic Formula parameters: a comparative study between the starting value optimization technique and the IMMa optimization algorithm

In 2004, a new searching algorithm for Magic Formula tyre model parameters was presented. Now, a summary of the results, for pure and combined slip, that this algorithm is able to achieve is presented. The Magic Formula tyre model needs a set of parameters to describe the tyre properties. The determination of these parameters is dealt with in this article. A new method, called IMMa Optimization Algorithm (IOA), based on genetic techniques, is used to determine these parameters. Here, we show the computational cost that has been used to obtain the optimum parameters of every characteristic of the Magic Formula tyre model, called Delft Tyre 96. The main advantages of the method are its simplicity of implementation and its fast convergence to optimal solution, with no need of deep knowledge of the searching space. Hence, to start the search, it is not necessary to know a set of starting values of the Magic Formula parameters (null sensitivity to starting values). The search can be started with a randomly generated set of parameters between [0, 1]. Nowadays, MF-Tool, an application developed by TNO, uses an optimization technique to fit Magic Formula parameters from Matlab toolbox [van Oosten, J.J.M. and Bakker, E., 1993, {Determination of magic tyre model parameters}. Vehicle System Dynamics, 21, 19–29; van Oosten, J.J.M., Savi, C., Augustin, M., Bouhet, O., Sommer, J. and Colinot, J.P., 1999, {Time, tire, measurements, forces and moments, a new standard for steady state cornering tyre testing}. EAEC Conference, Barcelona, 30 June–2 July.]. We refer to that algorithm as the starting value optimization technique. The comparison between the optimization technique employed by TNO and the proposed IOA method is discussed in this article. In order to give a relative idea of adjustment accuracy, the sum-squared error and the mean-squared error, from the curves of the tyre model with the parameters optimized by both applications compared with test data are evaluated.     

Ant Colony Routing algorithm for freeway networks

Dynamic traffic routing refers to the process of (re)directing vehicles at junctions in a traffic network according to the evolving traffic conditions. The traffic management center can determine desired routes for drivers in order to optimize the performance of the traffic network by dynamic traffic routing. However, a traffic network may have thousands of links and nodes, resulting in a large-scale and computationally complex non-linear, non-convex optimization problem. To solve this problem, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is chosen as the optimization method in this paper because of its powerful optimization heuristic for combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is implemented online to determine the control signal – i.e., the splitting rates at each node. However, using standard ACO for traffic routing is characterized by four main disadvantages: 1. traffic flows for different origins and destinations cannot be distinguished; 2. all ants may converge to one route, causing congestion; 3. constraints cannot be taken into account; and 4. neither can dynamic link costs. These problems are addressed by adopting a novel ACO algorithm with stench pheromone and with colored ants, called Ant Colony Routing (ACR). Using the stench pheromone, the ACR algorithm can distribute the vehicles over the traffic network with less or no traffic congestion, as well as reduce the number of vehicles near some sensitive zones, such as hospitals and schools. With colored ants, the traffic flows for multiple origins and destinations can be represented. The proposed approach is also implemented in a simulation-based case study in the Walcheren area, the Netherlands, illustrating the effectiveness of the approach.     

基于遗传算法的重载与非重载去向开行方案比较研究

本文道德简要介绍重载运输在我国开行的现状，在此基础上建立一个重载列车去向模型。引进一个先进的算法－遗传算法求解模型，根据求得最终优化方案，比较普通直达列车和重载列车开行方案的不同，计算结果表明重载列车的开行应该重新调整现有编组计划，而不是仅仅加大原有开行方向上的编成辆数以实现重载。     

铁路罐式集装箱空箱调配优化模型及遗传模拟退火算法

针对罐式集装箱运输的特殊性,考虑重箱流和空箱流调配的综合优化,以罐箱运输费用最小为目标,建立铁路罐式集装箱空箱调配优化多商品网络流模型,并构造了1种嵌入模拟退火操作的遗传算法对之进行求解。为了使模型与算法可得到更符合实际、操作性更强的结果,给出了3种空罐箱调配的策略,作为隐含条件加入到算法求解过程中。利用自适应遗传模拟退火算法对随机生成的实际规模问题算例进行求解,并与用通用代数建模系统软件GAMS的计算结果进行对比。结果表明,前者得出的结果与最优解差距不大,而且运算速度更快,更能满足解决实际问题的需要,为铁路罐箱调配优化提供了良好的决策支持模型和算法。