基于FSS Code的大型船舶机舱布置优化研究

文章介绍了适用于机舱消防安全的相关法规,详述了船舶常用的固定式灭火系统,给出了机舱固定式灭火系统的配备要求。以某30万吨超大型油船为对象,依照FSS Code等法规计算了泡沫浓缩液储量和应急消防泵的排量,推算了应急发电机的功率,最后根据MSC.1/Circular.1528和UI SC 262 对FSS Code中的机舱最大保护空间的容积的统一解释,和SOLAS对火灾危险物的界定,优化了机舱布置。通过研究得出：机舱设计时,要充分考虑机舱防火、灭火要求,科学规划布置舱室及设备,在准确理解规范规则要求的基础上,合理减少机舱最大保护空间,降低设备成本。     

Scantling optimization based on convex linearizations and a dual approach—Part II

The development of the LBR-5 “Stiffened Panels Software” is included in the development of a new design methodology to ease and to improve preliminary studies of naval structures and floating hydraulic structures. It allows, as of the first draft, an optimization of the scantling of the structure's constituent elements. The ultimate target is to link standard design tools (steel structure CAD, hull form, hydrostatic curves, floating stability, weight estimation, etc.) with a rational optimization design module and a minimum construction cost (or minimum weight) objective function. It is developed to be a user-oriented tool. The optimization module is composed of three basic modules (OPTI, CONSTRAINT and COST) and a group of sub-modules (in external databases). Among these the user selects a set of relevant sub-modules (i.e. geometrical and structural constraints). Since the present optimization deals with least construction costs (as objective function), and uses an explicit objective function (not empirical), the user must specify labor costs (unitary material costs, welding, cutting, etc.). This paper is the second part of a series of two articles. The previous paper focused on the ‘Module-Oriented Optimization’ methodology and on the rational constraints (Rigo, Marine Structures 2001). This paper presents the optimization algorithm based on convex linearization and a dual approach (OPTI module). It also includes the optimization of a FSO unit as a detailed example.     

Coordinated platooning with multiple speeds

In a platoon, vehicles travel one after another with small intervehicle distances; trailing vehicles in a platoon save fuel because they experience less aerodynamic drag. This work presents a coordinated platooning model with multiple speed options that integrates scheduling, routing, speed selection, and platoon formation/dissolution in a mixed-integer linear program that minimizes the total fuel consumed by a set of vehicles while traveling between their respective origins and destinations. The performance of this model is numerically tested on a grid network and the Chicago-area highway network. We find that the fuel-savings factor of a multivehicle system significantly depends on the time each vehicle is allowed to stay in the network; this time affects vehicles’ available speed choices, possible routes, and the amount of time for coordinating platoon formation. For problem instances with a large number of vehicles, we propose and test a heuristic decomposed approach that applies a clustering algorithm to partition the set of vehicles and then routes each group separately. When the set of vehicles is large and the available computational time is small, the decomposed approach finds significantly better solutions than does the full model.     

Optimizing charging station locations for urban taxi providers

Recently, electric vehicles are gaining importance which helps to reduce dependency on oil, increases energy efficiency of transportation, reduces carbon emissions and noise, and avoids tail pipe emissions. Because of short daily driving distances, high mileage, and intermediate waiting time, fossil-fuelled taxi vehicles are ideal candidates for being replaced by battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Moreover, taxi BEVs would increase visibility of electric mobility and therefore encourage others to purchase an electric vehicle. Prior to replacing conventional taxis with BEVs, a suitable charging infrastructure has to be established. This infrastructure consists of a sufficiently dense network of charging stations taking into account the lower driving ranges of BEVs.In this case study we propose a decision support system for placing charging stations in order to satisfy the charging demand of electric taxi vehicles. Operational taxi data from about 800 vehicles is used to identify and estimate the charging demand for electric taxis based on frequent origins and destinations of trips. Next, a variant of the maximal covering location problem is formulated and solved to satisfy as much charging demand as possible with a limited number of charging stations. Already existing fast charging locations are considered in the optimization problem. In this work, we focus on finding regions in which charging stations should be placed rather than exact locations. The exact location within an area is identified in a post-optimization phase (e.g., by authorities), where environmental conditions are considered, e.g., the capacity of the power network, availability of space, and legal issues.Our approach is implemented in the city of Vienna, Austria, in the course of an applied research project that has been conducted in 2014. Local authorities, power network operators, representatives of taxi driver guilds as well as a radio taxi provider participated in the project and identified exact locations for charging stations based on our decision support system.     

基于萤火虫优化的BP神经网络算法研究

为了改进神经网络结构和参数的设置方法,在萤火虫算法和BP神经网络的基础上,提出了一种萤火虫算法优化BP神经网络的算法.该算法利用萤火虫算法得到更优的网络初始权值和阈值,弥补BP神经网络连接权值和阈值选择上的缺陷.将该算法应用到Duffing系统产生的混沌时间序列进行算法的有效性验证,并与BP神经网络进行比较,仿真结果表明该算法具有更高的预测准确性,从而证明该算法在该预测领城的可行性和有效性.     

五体船波浪中运动与增阻的主片体协同优化研究

以波浪中的运动和增阻为目标,进行了五体船主体型线、片体主尺度和布置的协同优化。解决了型线自动变换、参数化自动建模及计算网格合并等关键技术,实现了五体船全船的自动建模。利用ISIGHT进行建模与水动力计算的集成,建立了主片体协同多目标优化系统。运用遗传算法进行多目标优化,结果表明优化后五体船运动和增阻都有所改善,并对非规则波中的情况进行了一定的探讨。     

基于梁板结构的船舶系统可靠性分析及其优化

采用梁元和加筋板格元来模拟船舶空间结构,并建立相应的系统可靠性分析与优化模型。针对加筋板格可靠性分析中计算反向结点力向量时忽略加强筋影响而导致计算结果偏于保守的缺点,采用了完整加筋板格元的反向结点力向量和修正刚度矩阵,在此基础上采用分支限界法搜索系统主要失效模式并对其提出改进措施,保证了计算精度并提高了计算效率;运用界限搜索法求解模糊约束集的最优水平截集,进而求得系统可靠性约束下结构质量的模糊最优解,并与确定性优化设计结果对比,结果显示模糊优化模型具有更好的经济效益,可供工程借鉴使用。     

臂架变幅运动区域选取的方法

在组合臂架变幅过程中需要解决两个问题:(1)初始参数的确定;(2)运动区间的确定。文章综合考虑两点,在对初始参数进行改善的基础上,将同伦方程引入连杆曲线方程的分析中,并采用数值延拓技术,扩大迭代求解连杆曲线方的收敛范围。     

基于WITNESS的集装箱码头物流系统仿真及优化

集装箱码头作业区物流作业优化的结果可以大幅提高工作效率,在不增加新设备投入的情况下有效改善港口工作状况。利用W ITNESS仿真软件进行物流作业仿真是一种投入少,见效快的方法。以天津港某集装箱码头公司实际情况建立仿真模型,根据模拟运行结果反应进行物流作业优化的途径。     

基于遗传算法车辆传动系统优化

本文采用遗传算法,以汽车的动力性和燃油经济性最优为目标,同时考虑一定的约束条件,对汽车的传动系参数进行优化,并通过仿真进行验证。