基于运动学特性的双横臂悬架硬点位置优化

利用空间机构运动学和数值计算的方法对双横臂独立悬架系统进行了运动学分析,以悬架运动学特性设计曲线为优化目标,对悬架硬点的布置位置进行了优化。结果表明,按照优化后的硬点位置计算出的悬架运动学特性曲线与设计曲线基本一致,因此利用该方法可以快速实现对悬架硬点结构的优化布置,提高车辆性能。     

基于时间序列ACO-BP神经网络在基坑变形预测中的应用研究

BP神经网络技术因其良好的非线性动力学特性、函数逼近能力、自组织和自适应能力,已广泛应用于基坑变形预测中。但实际应用过程中发现BP神经网络具有收敛速度慢、初始权阈值对计算结果影响较大,且易陷入局部最优等缺陷。采用引入具有启发式寻优、全局优化特点的蚁群算法优化BP神经网络,对基坑变形进行预测,并与BP神经网络进行比较。结果表明:ACO-BP神经网络模型预测基坑变形可行;预测精度高于BP模型,且结果稳定、速度较快、误差满足工程的要求。     

基于遗传算法的汽车拉式离合器膜片弹簧结构参数优化设计

膜片弹簧是膜片弹簧离合器的关键零件。本文通过分析离合器的载荷一变形特性和多种约束条件,在参考成熟离合器结构参数的基础上,提出了一种离合器膜片弹簧的优化设计模型：在摩擦片磨损极限范围内,把弹簧压紧力变化的平均值最小作为优化目标。并采用遗传算法对某轻型货车离合器膜片弹簧进行优化设计计算。结果表明,应用此模型优化后的膜片弹簧各决策变量的值明显优于利用传统经验公式设计所得的结果。无论是在后备系数的稳定性、膜片的最大当量应力方面,还是在分离力的大小方面,均明显优于原设计。     

基于拓扑优化的某重型车桥桥壳轻量化设计

对某重型车桥桥壳在设计工况下的静强度性能进行了有限元分析,并对该桥壳结构进行了轻量化设计。采用拓扑优化方法,以初始设计作为优化的基结构,以重量最轻为目标函数,以结构的静强度性能为约束条件,进行了优化迭代计算。轻量化设计后,减轻了桥壳的重量,且轻量化结构满足强度要求。     

Alternative approaches to spatial modelling

In discussion of the modelling methods that can be used to assess the impacts of transport change on regional and local economies, “land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) models” are often referred to as if all such models were examples of a single, homogeneous commodity. The first and major purpose of this paper is to correct this impression by comparing and contrasting some key features of the main models or modelling packages in the LUTI tradition, particularly those which are generally recognized as constituting the current “state-of-the-art”, or at least the “state of practice”. One particular point within the comparison will be the differing use which is made (or not made) of spatial input-output models in the different approaches.The second purpose of the paper is (more briefly) to compare LUTI modelling with alternative approaches and in particular with spatial computable general equilibrium (SGCE) modelling. One of the common features to emerge from the preceding comparison is that LUTI modelling has been mainly concerned with predicting the location of fixed totals of jobs and of households under different transport scenarios. This is a general feature, even though in some cases these totals are directly fixed by the user whilst in other cases they are the results of long chains of calculations that are insensitive to transport scenarios; in a few cases, the total levels of economic activity are variable according to accessibility-related variables. In contrast, the use of SCGE modelling in testing the impact of transport proposals is very much concerned with the consequences for the total size of the economy in question, usually with a less detailed concern for the spatial distribution of impacts. This comparison leads to a discussion of whether LUTI modelling and SCGE modelling are mutually exclusive or whether some form of synthesis or integration between the two may be theoretically appropriate and/or practically desirable. The requirements of project appraisal - i.e., the assessment of benefits - are also considered.     

型号研制项目管理的质量监督工作浅析

介绍了项目管理中质量控制思路,指出应在项目管理中贯彻全系统、全寿命的质量观,并结合军代表质量监督工作的实践,对国防军工企业型号项目管理中的质量控制工作从立项论证、工程研制、生产过程和使用维修几个阶段进行了阐述.     

基于WAVE模型的某车用汽油机进气系统优化设计

建立了某汽油机WAVE模型,研究了不同工况下该汽油机进气系统对其充气性能的影响.运用DOE方法对该汽油机进气歧管管径和管长进行了优化设计,采用NSGA对采用二级可变进气歧管的进气系统进行了多目标优化.结果表明,进气歧管无极可变可使汽油机充气效率提高12.58％,采用二级可变进气歧管技术可使汽油机低速充气效率提高11.2...     

Social influences on household location, mobility and activity choice in integrated micro-simulation models

Agent-based approaches to simulating long-term location and mobility decisions and short-term activity and travel decisions of households and individuals are receiving increasing attention in land-use and transportation interaction (LUTI) models to predict land-use changes and travel behaviour in mutual interaction. Social interactions between households and between individuals potentially have an influence on a wide range of the long-term and short-term choices involved in these systems. In this paper we identify the areas in which social interactions play a role and address the question how these influences can be modelled in the context of agent-based LUTI models. We distinguish impacts on activity participation (joint activity participation, support-and-help activities) and impacts on decision making (information exchange, social adaptation of preferences and aspirations) as the two main areas of social influence. A prototype of a LUTI model is proposed that accounts for impacts of the social network on longer-term mobility decision making through information exchange and social adaptation of preferences and aspirations. The model is demonstrated in a numerical simulation.     

基于有限元分析的乘用车前纵梁安全设计

为提升车辆撞击事故乘员的安全性,从诱导孔个数、前纵梁材料和梁壁厚三个方面对汽车前纵梁进行了优化设计。将上述三个方面作为影响因素进行了正交试验设计,按照正交表在LS-DYNA当中进行了整车碰撞及台车试验,以头部损伤HIC值作为乘员损伤评价标准,通过极差分析确定了最优汽车前纵梁参数,提高了汽车碰撞中乘员的安全。     

汽车动力总成悬置系统优化与试验研究

以某款国产汽车为研究对象,在ADAMS中建立动力总成悬置系统的动力学模型。利用参数化分析方法,讨论了悬置参数对系统隔振性能的影响。对悬置参数进行优化,并分析比较优化前后的结果,优化后的悬置系统的隔振效果得到明显改善,并进行实车试验验证。