不可压缩液体中自由气核分叉特性研究

空化气泡会引起强烈的声辐射和舰船壳体振动,自由气核振动的跨临界分叉研究对寻求空化气泡的生成机理具有重要意义.通过建立不可压缩液体中自由气核的振动模型,由中心流形定理对该振动模型进行约化,得出中心流形上的跨临界分叉方程,通过该振动模型的分叉研究,提出了产生气泡的新机理,并进行了仿真实验加以验证.仿真结果表明,跨临界分叉是自由气核产生气泡的一条途径.     

中小型集装箱码头装卸工艺模式分析

在分析中小型集装箱码头特性及发展趋势的基础上,分专用集装箱码头、多用途码头、综合性码头三类来研究装卸工艺的适应性,推荐了几种适合中小型集装箱码头特点的、发展前景较好的装卸工艺模式。     

交通模型的价值

在既有规划编制导则中,已经明确交通模型和交通需求分析是综合交通体系规划、轨道交通线网规划的重要工作内容。交通模型的价值并非仅仅体现在预测结果和精度上,更在于编制过程中对交通特征和供需关系的分析,对战略方案、系统方案的指导、解释、论证的作用上。但在现实规划编制中,模型的地位和价值在丧失,日益成为项目成果中的摆设品,难以支撑交通需求深入分析,并与战略构思、方案制定相脱节。与此同时,规划实践、大数据、交通模型的发展趋势,亟须重新审视模型的价值,提升模型精细化的定量分析水平。最后,从机制保障、应用推广、功能拓展、科研攻关等方面,提出促进模型价值提升的相关建议。     

铁路空车调整优化模型及其蚁群算法

以理论研究为主,通过对空车调整问题的特点分析,明确了空车数量调配和网络配流是空车调整的两个核心问题;在分析已有模型及对问题进行抽象描述的基础上,建立了空车调整协同优化（EWDCO）模型,并设计了相应的蚁群算法。分析发现,共同径路约束与EWDCO模型是不协调的;通过对定理的证明得出,对流约束不会对EWDCO模型的最优解产生影响,模型可以描述为线性整数规划模型,其实质是带容量约束的最小费用流模型。同时,研究表明ACO对求解空车调整问题具有一定的优势,是一种较为有效的算法。     

车辆动力学仿真中关键元件的建模

为了提高车辆动力学模型中非线性元件数学模型的模拟精度,分析了一、二维干摩擦副、三大件转向架的摩擦楔块和带串联刚度阻尼器的动力学性能,建立了非传统的数学模型,即不含速度状态变量的模型,并设计了对应的Simulink程序,用典型例题与传统模型的性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:非传统数学模型能克服强非线性带来的数值计算问题,提高了计算精度和计算效率,一般根据不同模型的规模和非线性元件数,计算速度能提高2~10倍。     

An Optimization Model for Guiding Pedestrian–Vehicle Mixed Flows During an Emergency Evacuation

In most metropolitan areas, an emergency evacuation may require a potentially large number of pedestrians to walk some distance to access their passenger cars or resort to transit systems. In this process, the massive number of pedestrians may place a tremendous burden on vehicles in the roadway network, especially at critical intersections. Thus, the effective road enforcement of the vehicle and pedestrian flows and the proper coordination between these two flows at critical intersections during a multimodal evacuation process is a critical issue in evacuation planning. This article presents an integrated linear model for the design of optimized flow plans for massive mixed pedestrian–vehicle flows within an evacuation zone. The optimized flow can also be used to generate signal timing plans at critical intersections. In addition, the linear nature of the model can circumvent the computational burden to apply in large-scale networks. An illustrating example of the evacuation around the M&T Bank Stadium in downtown Baltimore, MD, is presented and used to demonstrate the model's capability to address the complex interactions between vehicle and pedestrian flows within an evacuation zone. Results of simulation experiments verify the applicability of our model to a real-world scenario and further indicate that accounting for such conflicting movements will yield more reliable estimation of an evacuation's required clearance time.     

铁路数字通信传输网络优化浅谈

以宝成线数字通信传输网络的部分优化工程为例,说明数字通信传输网络的优化方案,以满足业务开通、安全等方面的需求。     

北京通信段管内部分传输网络优化

北京铁路局管内京哈、津山、津秦沈等铁路,承担着大量客货运输任务。但该线路通信设备陈旧,处理能力不足。为此,分析北京铁路局重要干线的通信传输网络问题,利用新增传输设备,完成优化整改,提高网络安全性。     

A Bayesian Methodology for Estimating the Impacts of Improved Coastal Ocean Information on the Marine Recreational Fishing Industry

The study develops a model of recreational fish catch probabilities, based on angler fishing strategies, that is conditional on uncertain information about the coastal ocean environment. We calculate expected catch based on a hypothetical Baseline Data Set and hypothetical data from an Integrated Ocean Observation System (IOOS) to demonstrate potential benefits from IOOS. The role of Bayesian probabilities in Random Utility Models of recreational fishing is identified. The study discusses the types of information that will be required by recreational anglers in the Gulf of Mexico. Results have implications for the construction of ocean observation systems for recreational fishermen.     

Experimental and finite element analysis of fatigue strength for 300 mm2 copper power conductor

The fatigue strength of a 300 mm² stranded copper conductor was investigated experimentally and by finite element (FE) analysis. An analytical model was also developed and validated. Wires taken from the outer layer of the conductor were fatigue tested in tension–tension loading and compared with similar data for wires taken from a 95 mm² conductor. The wire cross section was deformed due to the compacting process that was applied during fabrication. When corrected for stress concentrations due to the deformation the data for the two sets of wire fell within the same scatter-band. Full scale testing was carried out in a specially designed rig with constant tensile load and reversed displacement controlled bending with a fixed curvature variation. The loading is a simulation of the loading of a power cable hanging from a floating vessel through a bellmouth. Conductors were tested in two states; dry and lubricated. A finite element model was established for the copper conductor. The model was formulated by a combination of elastic beam and beam-contact elements that included the effects of friction. The effect of local bending due to contact forces was included in the model. Two contact conditions were investigated; the point (trellis) contact between adjacent layers of wire and the inline contact within each layer and between the first layer (centre wire) and the second layer. The FE model was validated by a calibration test of a full scale conductor, and by sensitivity studies varying the size and the number of elements of the model. Fatigue analysis of the conductor was carried out, based on the S–N curve for individual wires. Taking into account the effects of friction and local bending, agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental fatigue strength of the conductor, for the FE model as well as the analytical model.