Stationary ultracapacitors storage device for improving energy saving and voltage profile of light transportation networks

The installation of stationary ultracapacitor storage devices, as widely recognized, allows the recovery of the braking energy for increasing the energy efficiency as well as a better pantograph voltage profile. In the paper a new methodological mean is proposed for determining the fundamental characteristics of this kind of storage device, characterized by high power density, interfaced with the railroad by a bidirectional dc-dc converter. More specifically, the parameters of the storage system can be determined by employing an optimization technique which in a quite general way is able to take contemporaneously into account several aspects in an integrated manner. Some considerations are performed for properly taking into account the stochastic aspects of the design procedure. Numerical simulations with respect to a case study are presented, pointing out the potentiality of the tailored technique. Experimental results are also reported, with reference to an electromechanical simulator, in order to put in evidence the effectiveness and the actual implementation of the proposed optimization technique.     

连续梁桥0^#块施工支架方案优化设计

文章针对南充嘉陵江特大桥连续梁0#块支架前期设计方案存在的问题,提出了连续梁0#块施工支架优化方案,并通过技术性与经济性对比分析,验证了优化设计方案的合理性。     

Evaluating policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from private transportation

This paper proposes a model system to forecast household greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from private transportation. The proposed model combines an integrated discrete-continuous car ownership model with MOVES 2014. Four modeling components are calibrated and applied to the calculation of GHGEs: vehicle quantity, vehicle type and vintage, miles traveled, and rates of GHGEs. The model is applied to the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area. Three tax schemes are evaluated: vehicle ownership tax, purchase tax and fuel tax. We calculate that the average GHGEs per vehicle is 5.15 tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO₂E) gases. Our results show that: (a) a fuel tax is the most effective way to reduce vehicle GHGEs, especially for households with fewer vehicles; (b) a purchase tax reduces vehicle GHGEs mainly by decreasing vehicle quantity for households with more vehicles; and (c) an ownership tax reduces vehicle GHGEs by decreasing both vehicle quantity and miles traveled.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

船舶发电柴油机冷却系统优化研究

文章通过对常规冷却系统的分析,在总结其优缺点的基础之上对其进行优化设计,改善其工作性能,使系统布置更加紧凑,维护管理也更加方便,具有很高的应用价值。     

多学科设计优化在桁架式Spar平台概念设计中的应用(英文)

在传统的桁架式Spar设计过程中,设计人员通常只选择一个或两个学科作为某个阶段的设计目标,而没有把设计过程作为一个整体进行研究.同时,传统的设计方法没有充分考虑决定Spar性能的多个学科之间的相互影响和耦合作用.因而,传统的设计方法很难获得最优的设计方案.为解决这一问题,该文将多学科设计优化方法引入桁架式Spar的概念设计,以实现真正的设计优化.文中首先介绍了桁架式Spar的传统设计方法以及多学科设计优化的基本理论,讨论了如何将多学科优化技术应用于Spar平台的概念设计.进而提出了一种适用于Spar设计的多学科设计优化方法-基于响应面的协同优化方法,并基于该方法,建立了桁架式Spar的设计优化框架.最后,对今后的研究方向提出了几点建议.     

基于高斯粒子滤波的语音增强方法

在分析语音信号的时变自回归模型的基础上,采用了一种新的滤波器即高斯粒子滤波器,该滤波器是基于粒子滤波方法得到一高斯分布来近似估计未知状态变量的后验分布,在符合高斯假设和一定粒子数的情况下,可以获得近似最优解,并用它来解决TVAR模型的语音信号增强问题．仿真结果表明,高斯粒子滤波器具有较强的估计TVAR模型参数的能力,降低了算法的计算量．采用高斯粒子滤波增强方法处理过的语音,信噪比明显提高,改善了语音增强系统的性能．     

Parameterisation of clastic sediments including benthic structures

The sediment transport processes in the south-western Baltic Sea are predicted by means of a numerical model in the project DYNAS. There are two sediment parameters that influence the results of modelling remarkably: critical shear stress velocity and bottom roughness. This paper presents the way how to parameterise these factors and extrapolate them into the investigation area. The critical shear stress velocity is parameterised basing on grain size data, combining approximations after Hjulström [Hjulström, F., 1935: Studies in the morphological activity of rivers as illustrated by the river Fyris. Geological Institution of University of Uppsala: Bulletin (25): 221–528.], Shields [Shields, A., 1936: Anwendung der Ähnlichkeits-Mechanik und der Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung. Mitteilungen der Preussischen Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau und Schiffahrt (26): 26 pp.] and Bohling [Bohling, B., 2003: Untersuchungen zur Mobilität natürlicher und anthropogener Sedimente in der Mecklenburger Bucht. unpublished doctoral thesis, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald/Germany, 156 pp.]. The roughness length, in the case of absence of macro zoo-benthos and their structures, is parameterised basing on grain size too employing Soulsby [Soulsby, R.L., 1997: Dynamics of Marine Sands: a Manual for Practical Applications. London, Thomas Telford Publications. 249 pp.], Nielsen [Nielsen, P., 1983: Analytical determination of nearshore wave height variation due to refraction shoaling and friction. Coastal Engineering 7, 233–251.] and Yalin [Yalin, M.S., 1977: Mechanics of Sediment Transport. Pergamon Press, New York. 298 pp.]. No equivalent simple parameterisations for biologically caused bed roughness exist. Here, findings of Friedrichs [Friedrichs, M., 2004: Flow-induced effects of macro zoo-benthic structures on the near-bed sediment transport. Dissertation, Universität Rostock, 80 S.] and estimations by the DYNAS biologists group were combined in order to derive roughness lengths from abundance measurements of four previously selected key species which represent the originators of the dominating benthic structures at the sea floor in the south-western Baltic Sea. Critical shear stress velocity and bed roughness are known at few sample sites only. They were extrapolated into the larger investigation area using a proxy-target concept. The mean near bottom milieu (bathymetry, median grain size, salinity, oxygen) which was derived using results from numerical modelling serves as the proxy. Since the milieu parameters are measured at the sampling sites for which the target parameters have been determined, a combined hierarchical and supervised classification was employed to transfer the local knowledge into the unknown investigation area.     

某型纯电动汽车路噪仿真与优化

在纯电动汽车开发过程中,如何有效基于有限元手段实现低频结构路噪的预测与优化,对纯电动汽车NVH性能具有重要意义。文章基于Spindle Loads方法对某型纯电动SUV汽车在大粗糙路60km/h工况下的低频结构路噪进行仿真预测,通过与实车测试结果对比,显示低频结构路噪有限元模拟结果与试验结果曲线整体趋势一致性较好;对53Hz与127Hz风险频率点原因进行剖析并提出相关优化方案,实车验证有效。     

CFS加固RC箱梁斜截面承载力理论分析与试验

根据非线性有限元理论,建立CFS加固RC箱梁的三维非线性有限元分析模型,对箱梁进行斜截面承载力分析.针对箱梁桥的开裂特点与受力情况,制作4根RC箱梁并进行CFS加固RC箱梁的模型试验,通过逐级加载,研究CFS加固RC箱梁斜截面时的破坏全过程,分析CFS加固RC箱梁斜截面的受力特点和加固箱梁的极限承载力,对有限元计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析,进一步验证了理论计算模型的正确性.