无车日活动公众参与的引导策略及信息传递

为了制定引导公众意识与行为转变的策略,尤其是对无车日的规划以及为将其应用于其他可持续性城市交通措施中提供指南.介绍了几种有关引导公众对于公共交通与其他可持续性交通方式的意识与行为转变的策略,重点介绍了公众目前与将来可以使用的可持续性交通方式,以及公众尤其是决策者对于城市交通问题的态度及其对于可持续性交通解决方案(如步行、骑自行车与使用公共交通工具等)的看法.最后,提出媒体是提高公众对于可持续性交通活动意识的有效渠道.     

Global carbon dioxide emissions scenarios for aviation derived from IPCC storylines: A meta-analysis

This research summarises the aviation CO₂ emissions studies that use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IS92 and Special Report on Emissions Scenarios storylines as GDP growth assumptions to estimate future global carbon dioxide emissions from the aviation sector. The inter-quartile mean and the first and third quartiles are calculated to enable researches studying climate change policies for aviation to use an average global baseline scenario with lower and upper boundaries. We also perform a simple meta-analysis to analyse the assumptions used to derive the baseline scenario and conclude, as expected, that change in revenue-tonne-kilometres and fuel-efficiency are the main drivers behind the baseline scenarios.     

Travel-based multitasking: review of the empirical evidence

This paper reviews 58 studies with empirical evidence on travel-based multitasking, identifies gaps in terms of data collection methods and provides a comprehensive review of findings about the significance of variables with an impact on the prevalence and type of multitasking. We identified the limitations of quantitative or qualitative surveys and advocate a mixed methods approach to provide an in-depth understanding of travel-based multitasking. We revealed that cross-country comparisons are missing due to the lack of empirical evidence outside the developed countries. While there are indications of increasing multitasking with mobile devices, we found only two longitudinal surveys that provide evidence. We call for a standardisation of definitions of multitasking activities to enable more longitudinal research. We identified 75 variables that were tested for impact on travel-based multitasking in previous research, of which 60 were found to be significant. Sufficient evidence (i.e. minimum three papers), however, only exists for age, gender, trip duration, travel mode, trip purpose, time of the day and day of the week of the trip and the presence of a travel companion. Therefore, more research is suggested to determine the influence of attitude, comfort, availability of equipment, time use and spatial attributes on the type and prevalence of travel-based multitasking.     

汽车覆盖件逆向设计方法

针对汽车覆盖件的特点,以某轻型货车前围覆盖件设计为例,提出一体化逆向设计思想。即由照相式扫描仪Camega得到数据点,采用Cloudprocess软件平台进行点云预处理,最后由逆向工程软件Imageware完成曲面重构。详细地阐述了如何由大量数据点进行曲线、曲面反求的汽车覆盖件逆向设计方法,并论证了该方法的可行性。     

机械稳定土桥台整体变形观测结果分析

介绍了沈山铁路K273+555高架桥西立交桥20#加筋土桥台整体变形观测方法、过程、结果,以及对观测结果的最终分析。     

车身板件振动声学贡献的计算机模拟

本文讨论车身板件振动声学贡献的计算机模拟研究方法。以桑塔那２０００型轿车为实例建立无吸声材料和吸声材料的结构－声学模型，使用ＡＮＳＹＳ有限元分析软件计算车身板件在给定频率下振动引起的车内声压，进而求得板件的声学贡献。     

综合后备控制盘(IBP)设计问题的探讨

综合后备控制盘(IBP)的结构设计需要以满足室内空间的大小、盘面的内容布置,台面设备的尺寸和柜内设备的安放为设计基础,以人机工程学为设计原则.IBP以硬接线的方式引入外部信号,通过指示灯的亮/灭或蜂呜器的声响表示外部信号的变化.外部为无源空节点方式时,由IBP内的电源模块提供指示灯的点灯电源;外部为有源节点时,由外部的相关各个系统提供信号电源.IBP提供符合各相关系统要求的触点引入其控制回路,实现对现场设备的控制功能.     

An analysis of weekly out-of-home discretionary activity participation and time-use behavior

Activity-travel behavior research has hitherto focused on the modeling and understanding of daily time use and activity patterns and resulting travel demand. In this particular paper, an analysis and modeling of weekly activity-travel behavior is presented using a unique multi-week activity-travel behavior data set collected in and around Zurich, Switzerland. The paper focuses on six categories of discretionary activity participation to understand the determinants of, and the inter-personal and intra-personal variability in, weekly activity engagement at a detailed level. A panel version of the Mixed Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value model (MMDCEV) that explicitly accounts for the panel (or repeated-observations) nature of the multi-week activity-travel behavior data set is developed and estimated on the data set. The model also controls for individual-level unobserved factors that lead to correlations in activity engagement preferences across different activity types. To our knowledge, this is the first formulation and application of a panel MMDCEV structure in the econometric literature. The analysis suggests the high prevalence of intra-personal variability in discretionary activity engagement over a multi-week period along with inter-personal variability that is typically considered in activity-travel modeling. In addition, the panel MMDCEV model helped identify the observed socio-economic factors and unobserved individual specific factors that contribute to variability in multi-week discretionary activity participation.

Variation of households<Emphasis Type="Bold">’</Emphasis> car ownership across time: application of a panel data model

For economic and environmental policy formulation and with the effort of creating less car dependent societies, it is important to study the changing characteristics of car ownership in a household through time as well as factors responsible of these variations. There is a vast body of literature on empirical studies of car ownership and use. These studies have investigated the socio-economic background of the decision maker, the built environment and the perception associated with owning a car as determinant factors of car ownership and use. In most cases, these analyses have been carried out using cross-sectional data sets. However, the analysis of factors determining changes in travel behavior of an individual or household requires information on their behavior over time (longitudinal data set). In this study, the German Mobility Panel (1996–2006) is used to examine variation of car ownership through time and across households. The panel data modeling results showed that there are variations of car ownership between households whereas changes in car ownership of a given household over time (within household variations) are insignificant. The influence of other factors such as the households’ socio-economic background, the availability of public transportation and shopping/leisure facilities, perception on parking difficulties and satisfaction with existing public transportation services on the car owning characteristics of households is also presented and discussed in this paper.

A spatial autoregressive panel model to analyze road network spillovers on production

The production function approach is used to introduce the effect of public infrastructure on economic growth focusing on its spillover effects. We improve the existing literature both from a conceptual and methodological perspective. As regressors we incorporate variables related to the new concepts of internal and imported transport infrastructure capital stocks, which are actually used in commercial flows, calculated by network analysis performed in GIS. The internally used capital stock represents own infrastructure that benefits accessing markets within the region itself, while the imported capital stock captures the spillover effect associated to the use of the infrastructure situated in neighboring regions. From a methodological perspective, we introduce spatial interdependence into these models, applying the most recent spatial econometric techniques based on instrumental variables estimation in spatial autoregressive panel models in comparison with Maximum Likelihood estimation methods. We illustrate the methodology with Spanish provincial panel data for the period 1980–2007. Results support the hypothesis that the imported capital has a positive spillover effect on production.