Electric vehicle parking in European and American context: Economic,energy and environmental analysis

The transportation sector faces increasing challenges related to energy consumption and local and global emissions profiles. Thus, alternative vehicle technologies and energy pathways are being considered in order to overturn this trend and electric mobility is considered one adequate possibility towards a more sustainable transportation sector.In this sense, this research work consisted on the development of a methodology to assess the economic feasibility of deploying EV charging stations (Park-EV) by quantifying the tradeoff between economic and energy/environmental impacts for EV parking spaces deployment. This methodology was applied to 4 different cities (Lisbon, Madrid, Minneapolis and Manhattan), by evaluating the influence of parking premium, infrastructure cost and occupancy rates on the investment Net Present Value (NPV). The main findings are that the maximization of the premium and the minimization of the equipment cost lead to higher NPV results. The NPV break-even for the cities considered is more “easily” reached for higher parking prices, namely in the case of Manhattan with the higher parking price profile. In terms of evaluating occupancy rates of the EV parking spaces, shifting from a low usage (LU) to a high usage (HU) scenario represented a reduction in the premium to obtain a NPV = 0 of approximately 14% for a 2500 € equipment cost, and, in the case of a zero equipment cost (e.g. financed by the city), a NPV = 0 was obtained with approximately a 2% reduction in the parking premium. Moreover, due to the use of electric mobility instead of the average conventional technologies, Well-to-Wheel (WTW) gains for Lisbon, Madrid, Minneapolis and Manhattan were estimated in 58%, 53%, 52% and 75% for energy consumption and 66%, 75%, 62% and 86% for CO₂ emissions, respectively.This research confirms that the success of deploying an EV charging stations infrastructure will be highly dependent on the price the user will have to pay, on the cost of the infrastructure deployed and on the adhesion of the EV users to this kind of infrastructure. These variables are not independent and, consequently, the coordination of public policies and private interest must be promoted in order to reach an optimal solution that does not result in prohibitive costs for the users.     

Evaluating parking reservation policy in urban areas: An environmental perspective

This paper investigates a parking reservation mechanism to reduce car cruising to find parking. To consider the benefits for drivers and parking facility providers, we charge drivers for making reservations in addition to parking fees, by introducing a reservation pricing model that makes reservation prices equivalent to the value of saved search time. By modeling the number of vacant spaces as a stochastic variable, and applying binomial pricing methods, parking reservation prices are obtained. Numerical examples based on the data for two parking facilities in Taiwan are given.     

公路旧路改造设计探讨

对于长时间运营的公路项目,旧路改造是不可避免的,根据公路交通量等情况合理地进行旧路改造设计相当重要。结合实例,详细探讨公路旧路改造中如何对路基、路面及公路设施等方面进行设计。     

大广公路固安（冀京界）至深州段高速公路安全设施设计的技术要点

高速公路安全设施设计是＂用户第一、行者为本＂的核心价值的体现。安全设施是高速公路不可缺少的基本设施,其对发挥高速公路的效能、预防和减少交通事故的发生均能起到十分重要的作用。     

张石高速公路涞源至涞水段交通标志的设计技术研究

交通标志作为高速公路行车的主动引导设施,将公路沿线信息及时准确地传达给公路使用者,体现了＂以人为本、安全至上＂的设计理念,为人们提供了出行便利和安全。     

武汉市主城区自行车停车设施规划与管理模式研究

自行车停车设施规划是自行车交通系统规划的重要内容。国内大多城市对自行车停车设施规划与建设不够重视,出现自行车停车难的尴尬局面。结合武汉市主城区自行车发展概况,探索自行车停车设施规划方法与管理措施,提出了分类分块、重点布设的原则以及停车设施分级规划思路,从自行车停车需求预测、停车场布局方法、停车管理措施等方面进行了探讨,以期完善自行车系统规划,提高自行车的吸引率。     

关于城市道路潮汐车道的设置研究

针对城市道路早晚高峰单向拥堵难题,分别对已建和新建存在潮汐车流的道路进行了分析,对设置潮汐车道的条件进行了论证,并对潮汐车道道路的管理进行了研究。通过论证分析,明确了已建道路和新建道路设置潮汐车道的条件及设置潮汐车道要解决的问题,对设置潮汐车道的道路提出了管理措施。     

电子驻车制动系统整车应用研究

电子驻车制动系统（EPB）是一种新兴的汽车电子控制技术,目前在欧美汽车市场已得到广泛应用,国内汽车市场现在也开始进入推广阶段。文章针对电子驻车制动系统在整车上的应用,通过对3种典型的电子驻车制动系统进行介绍,以及对系统结构、工作原理及功能特点等方面进行对比分析,提出了电子驻车制动系统在整车上应用开发时需要注意的要点因素,为电子驻车制动系统与整车的匹配设计提供参考。     

基于停车许可证的路外公共停车设施最优收费定价:基础模型及其扩展

为探求路外公共停车设施的最优收费定价机制及其实现手法,构建了基于停车许可证的最优停车设施收费定价基础模型及其扩展模型。在基础模型中,首先利用出行者对各停车设施的评价额度,构建停车许可证的最优分配模型;而后,通过拍卖机制（例如升价拍卖代理系统）即可确定各停车设施的最优收费定价。在扩展模型中,将购买停车许可证的时间点由一个扩展为多个,并开发了一种可实现最优收费定价的调优法。最后,通过数值算例验证了升价拍卖代理系统在实现路外公共停车设施最优收费定价方面的可行性以及调优法在求解扩展模型方面的有效性。分析结果表明：将停车许可证制度导入停车设施后的出行者均衡状态与社会最优状态是一致的;利用升价拍卖代理系统可求解得到最优许可证分配方式与最优停车设施收费定价;同时,最优停车设施收费定价具有防止出行者进行虚假申报的制约机制;相较评价额度,停车泊位总数的变化对最优收费定价的影响较大（即敏感因素）;多个停车许可证购买时间点条件下所实现的社会福利高于单一购买时间点;应用调优法可以使管理者在有限步骤内求解得到多购买时间点条件下的最优停车许可证分配方式及最优收费定价;利用此调优法可使政策在较少的步骤内实现较高的社会福利。     

考虑合作覆盖的多级自提点选址问题

自提点作为企业或企业联盟主导建设的公共服务设施,具有独立的品牌和完善的内部信息系统,而顾客行为受到一定区域内、同品牌的所有自提点的影响.通过信号强度函数和概率函数,刻画联合覆盖对顾客选择的影响,建立竞争环境下自提点选址模型.采用遗传算法进行求解,案例结果表明,随着预算的增加,每一单位的成本带来的加权需求覆盖量的增加值逐渐减小;合理较高水平的信号量阈值,有利于企业通过多级自提点布局获取竞争优势;通过与非联合覆盖模型对比,联合覆盖模型在加权需求覆盖量、覆盖成本、顾客效用方面都较优.