A simple reservation and allocation model of shared parking lots

With increasing auto demands, efficient parking management is by no means less important than road traffic congestion control. This is due to shortages of parking spaces within the limited land areas of the city centers in many metropolises. The parking problem becomes an integrated part of traffic planning and management. On the other hand, it is a fact that many private parking spots are available during daytime in nearby residential compound because those residents drive their cars out to work. These temporarily vacant parking lots can be efficiently utilized to meet the parking demand of other drivers who are working at nearby locations or drivers who come for shopping or other activities. This paper proposes a framework and a simple model for embracing shared use of residential parking spaces between residents and public users. The proposed shared use is a winning strategy because it maximizes the use of private resources to benefit the community as a whole. It also creates a new business model enabled by the fast-growing mobile apps in our daily lives.     

Automated parking surveys from a LIDAR equipped vehicle

Parking surveys provide quantitative data describing the spatial and temporal utilization of parking spaces within an area of interest. These surveys are important tools for parking supply management and infrastructure planning. Parking studies have typically been performed by tabulating observations by hand, limiting temporal resolution due to high labor cost. This paper investigates the possibility of automating the data gathering and information extraction in a proof of concept study using a two-dimensional scanning Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensor mounted on a vehicle, though the work is compatible with other ranging sensors, e.g., stereo vision. This study examines parallel parking in the opposing direction of travel. The ranging measurements are processed to estimate the location of the curb and the presence of objects in the road. Occlusion and location reasoning are then applied to determine which of the objects are vehicles, and whether a given vehicle is parked or is in the traffic-stream. The occupancy of the parking area, vehicle size, and vehicle-to-vehicle gaps are then measured. The algorithm was applied to an area with unmarked, on-street parking near a large university campus. Vehicle counts from 29 trips over 4 years were compared against concurrent ground truth with favorable results. The approach can also be applied to monitor parking in the direction of travel, eliminating the possibility of occlusions and simplifying the processing.     

The impact of transportation demand management policies on commuting to college facilities: A case study at the University of Trieste,Italy

Universities, like other types of public and private institutions, when located in a city, have both positive and negative impacts on the area where they are situated. On the one hand, they contribute to the prestige of the area; on the other hand, they are large generators/attractors of traffic. The ability to successfully balance the pros and cons of the urban location of these large traffic-generating institutions is crucial for their success and for the livability of the city. In this paper this issue has been analyzed selecting as a representative case the University of Trieste.The aim of the research is to understand: (a) how mode choice decisions are made by the teaching and administrative staff and by the students at the various locations where academic activities take place, and (b) how they would be affected by 8 different transport management policies. It is found that changing the parking regulations (via the annual permit cost, the hourly parking fee, the number of parking spaces and the location of the parking lots) greatly influences mode choice in favor of bus use, especially for teaching and administrative staff and in the suburban locations. The students would be impacted by such changes only if an hourly parking tariff is introduced. The alternative approach of fully subsidizing the bus services would also have a large impact on bus ridership, affecting the mode choice in particular of the teaching staff and in the main university suburban sites.Since the implementation of these bus-favoring policies could face the opposition either of the university staff or of the bus company, two more balanced policy mixes were tested: the first one, increasing parking price and imposing new parking restrictions, would increase bus ridership by 19%; the second one, reducing both bus and parking subsidies, would increase bus ridership by 13%.     

Optimal dynamic parking pricing for morning commute considering expected cruising time

This paper investigates how recurrent parking demand can be managed by dynamic parking pricing and information provision in the morning commute. Travelers are aware of time-varying pricing information and time-varying expected occupancy, through either their day-to-day experience or online information provision, to make their recurrent parking choices. We first formulate the parking choices under the User Equilibrium (UE) conditions using the Variational Inequality (VI) approach. More importantly, the System Optimal (SO) parking flow pattern and SO parking prices are also derived and solved efficiently using Linear Programming. Under SO, any two parking clusters cannot be used at the same time by travelers between more than one Origin–Destination (O–D) pairs. The SO parking flow pattern is not unique, which offers sufficient flexibility for operators to achieve different management objectives while keeping the flow pattern optimal. We show that any optimal flow pattern can be achieved by charging parking prices in each area that only depend on the time or occupancy, regardless of origins and destinations of users of this area. In the two numerical experiments, the best system performance is usually achieved by pricing the more preferred (convenient) area such that it is used up to a terminal occupancy of around 85–95%. Optimal pricing essentially balances the parking congestion (namely cruising time) and the level of convenience.     

基于改进灰聚类模型的轨道站点设施匹配度评价

在大量实地调查的基础上,将站台、楼梯、换乘通道、闸机、安检作为关键设施;基于行人仿真技术,分析上述设施的客流密度变化特性,明确各类设施负荷度等级评定标准;最后,以客流密度为指标,构建可合理反映轨道换乘站设施匹配程度的灰聚类模型通过对北京市5个典型站点进行灰聚类模型的评价应用,证明该模型能够客观反映站点设施之间的匹配程度.     

大型公共设施产生的自行车交通影响分析

根据自行车使用特征和自行车使用者的心理,从静态和动态两个方面出发对大量自行车停车、行车时对附近路段与交叉口的机动车和行人交通产生的影响及其原因进行了详细的分析,并提出了解决问题的可行措施。     

汽车双回路制动系统布置形式研究

针对汽车双回路制动系管路II式、X式、HI式、LL式、HH式等5种布置形式，分析了对汽车制动效能及制动时方向稳定性的影响。基于已建立的汽车质心位置与汽车制动效能关系的数学模型，根据《机动车运行安全技术条件》（GB7258-2004）对制动系的规定，得出了中型和重型等后重商用汽车以及质心偏前的乘用车和轻型汽车等车辆所适宜的制动系管路布置形式。     

停车诱导系统的信息处理

本文对停车诱导系统的信息处理实施方案和技术进行了探讨,提出了行程时间内的车位变化处理方法,不仅为停车诱导系统建设提供方法参考,也为停车诱导系统的未来实施技术研究确定方向.     

锦州机务段DAF污水处理器的性能及效果分析

锦州机务段利用世界银行贷款引进美国DAF污水处理器。该设备具有技术先进，结构紧凑，污染物去除率高，故障少，耐腐蚀，能耗低等特点。经运行，该段实现了污水低质回用和达标排放，为我国污水处理设计提供了新思路。