苏州市轨道交通天鹅荡停车场站场方案研究

文章结合苏州轨道交通4号线支线及天鹅荡停车场工程概况,阐述了停车场站场设计技术要求及设计原则,并提出了停车场总平面布置的两个方案,并对方案的优缺点进行分析、比较,同时对工程设计过程中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

A vehicle manufacturer's view of the potential for electric automobiles

In the search for low pollution, low noise, multi‐fuel vehicles capable of adapting to almost any source of energy available, the electric vehicle continues to be suggested in a variety of forms. In the long‐term view, working on the hypothesis that either solar or nuclear energy can provide the only inexhaustible energy supplies, electric propulsion will undoubtedly have a significant role to perform, and it could provide a useful means of transport in the transition period out of the current dependency on crude oil.

There are, however, some grave question marks hanging over the viability of electric vehicles on a large scale both in terms of their energy efficiency and practicality. This paper describes the state of development and discusses the future prospects.     

洛杉矶港口停靠设施支挡结构的土工设计(英文)

介绍了美国加州洛杉矶港口停靠设施两种支挡结构的岩土工程勘探和设计成果,为了在码头提供两个驳船停靠点,要对现有堤坝边坡进行开挖,开挖后的边坡需要有支挡结构支撑。根据现场勘察和室内试验数据,项目地基为砂、泥质砂和黏土层,场地在运行地震水平下(震级5.5,峰值加速度0.28g)和偶发性地震水平下(震级6.5,峰值加速度0.52g)将会发生液化现象。建议支挡结构采用AZ型中心桩和AZ型辅助桩结合的钢板桩,并采用静力和运行震动水平共同作用下的侧压力分布图和极限平衡法分析确定桩长和截面尺寸。     

高速公路交通安全设施建设的质量控制探讨

交通安全设施对于保障行车安全性和舒适性有着重要的意义。鉴于此,归纳高速公路交通安全设施建设质量控制的几个要点,并提出相应的质量控制对策。     

The location of public logistic centers: an expanded capacity-limited fixed cost location-allocation modeling approach

The location problem considered in this paper concerns the optimal number, size, and location of public logistic centers. To solve this problem, a mathematical model is developed based on an expanded capacity-limited fixed cost location-allocation model of a network incorporating handling costs and the costs of the temporary storage of cargo in the logistic center. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated with a numerical example of locating public logistic centers of international importance in the Republic of Serbia, based on two scenarios regarding the future development of import cargo flows into the Republic to the year 2020.     

基于遗传算法的车间设备布局设计

车间设备布局问题具有非线性、NP难等特性,无法运用传统方法求得最优解.运用遗传算法突出的寻优能力,在单行布局的基础上,采用自动换行技术对车间设备进行多行设备布局,优化车间设备布局效果,运用PMX交叉操作和邻域搜索技术的变异操作提高遗传算法的全局和局部搜索能力.通过实例验证了此方法的可行性和有效性.     

Modeling heterogeneous parking choice behavior on university campuses

Studies on campus parking indicate more severe problems and a wider range of characteristics than commercial parking because of limited parking places, special conditions, specific policies and enclosed space on university campuses. Heterogeneous characteristics are usually ignored in analyses of campus parking behavior. In this paper, a mixed logit model is applied to analyze parking choice behavior on a campus using data collected from a stated-preference survey of Tongji University, Shanghai, China. The heterogeneity of individuals with various sociodemographic characteristics is evaluated by interaction terms and random parameters. Comparison between the proposed approach and the conditional logit model shows that the results of the mixed logit model are more interpretable because they are not limited by the independence from irrelevant alternatives assumption. Key factors that have considerable effects on campus parking choices are identified and analyzed. Important regularities are also concluded from elasticity analyses. Finally, the campus is divided into two areas according to the walking distance to a new parking lot, and the modeling results show that area-specific policies should be established because the two areas have quite distinct parking choice features.     

Parking permits management and optimal parking supply considering traffic emission cost

Given a many-to-one bi-modal transportation network where each origin is connected to the destination by a bottleneck-constrained highway and a parallel transit line, we investigate the parking permit management methods to minimize traffic time cost and traffic emission cost simultaneously. More importantly, the optimal supply of parking spots is also discussed in the policies of parking permit. First, we derive the total travel costs and emission costs for the two cases of sufficient and insufficient parking spot provisions at the destination. Second, we propose a bi-objective model and solve the Pareto optimal parking permit distribution, given a certain level of parking supply. Third, we investigate the optimal parking supply in the policy of parking permit distribution, with the objectives of minimizing both total travel cost and traffic emission. Fourth, we provide a model of optimizing parking supply, in the policy of free trading of parking permits. Finally, the numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of these schemes, and the numerical results show that restricting parking supply at the city center could be efficient to reduce traffic emission.     

Determining locations of charging stations for electric taxis using taxi operation data

The adequate provision of charging infrastructure is critical for the effective deployment of electric taxis. This study attempts to locate charging stations for electric taxis reflecting real-world taxi travel patterns identified from taxis equipped with digital tachographs. Data for one week are processed in order to estimate their charge demand. The estimated temporal distribution of charge demand indicates that it varies day-by-day and hour-by-hour. The maximum set covering model is applied for determining the locations of charging stations. The results show that the pre-specified service distance and service coverage rate (defined by the proportion of total demand served) can be critical factors for determining the number and location of charging stations. These factors should be carefully specified by considering the tradeoff between operational efficiency of charging facilities and user convenience.     

Parking Benefit Districts – The transferability of a measure to reduce car dependency to a European context

Parking Benefit Districts (PBDs) are a parking measure where revenues from on-street parking charges are returned to the area where they are charged, and stakeholders in the area participate in prioritizing how the revenues are to be spent. The purpose of this article is to analyse whether and how a PBD programme can be transferred to a European context, and whether it can contribute to reduced car dependency. The first part of the article provides an overview of some salient features of PBD programmes in the USA through a literature survey. This is followed by results from interviews and from a focus group with civil servants and a deputy mayor in Stockholm. The results are used to analyse the conditions for implementing a PBD programme in Stockholm, as well as for analysing how such a programme can be designed to reduce car dependency. A main conclusion is that there are no legal barriers that render a PBD programme impossible in Stockholm, even though there are some legal restrictions. We also conclude that a PBD programme might contribute to reduced car dependency in two different ways, either by increasing acceptance for parking charges or by improving the alternatives to private cars. There seem to be several aspects in a PBD programme that can contribute to increased acceptance for parking charges. However, there is no tradition of working with these principles in Sweden and the programme’s redistributional effects need to be taken into account when designing the programme.