无摇枕转向架用空气弹簧扭转疲劳试验标准分析

根据我国轨道车辆运用特点,通过对比分析国内外轨道车辆用空气弹簧主要标准条款,包括TB/T2841—2005《铁道车辆空气弹簧》、EN 13597-2003《铁道车辆用橡胶悬挂部件——空气弹簧胶囊》和JIS E 4206-1989《铁道车辆用弹簧装置》标准,从试验方法和判断准则等方面进行了分析,以满足轨道车辆的运行性能和安全需要为目的,指出了国内无摇枕转向架用空气弹簧扭转疲劳试验标准应具有的原则。     

大跨度公轨两用单跨悬索桥研究

研究大跨度公轨共用单跨悬索桥梁式方案及桥面系布置方式,分析桥梁结构的受力特点,提出影响列车行车安全的控制因素及设计技术措施,确定合理的竖向刚度要求,总结设计标准和关键技术措施。研究认为,随着悬索桥跨度的增大和结构质量的增加,主梁弯曲的贡献率逐渐减小,而主缆重力刚度的贡献率逐渐增加;控制悬索桥刚度的主要因素有跨度、主梁截面、主缆截面、矢跨比及桥塔抗推刚度;通过控制主梁竖向刚度、梁端折角及扭转刚度等参数可以保证轨道的平顺性;通过合理的轨道桥面系体系的布置,可以使轨道结构受力更加合理。     

非洲地区公路项目设计模式研究

研究目的:结合刚果(布)国家1号公路总承包项目的设计模式,探讨非洲公路项目设计管理体制的特点、设计标准的采用以及公路项目中设计的角色定位,并与国内设计模式作比较,为我国的设计工作者进行海外公路项目设计提供有益的借鉴.研究结论:(1) 非洲公路项目大多采用设计、施工一体化总承包的建设管理体制;(2) 非洲公路设计一般采用欧洲标准体系,相应的设计阶段更为详细;(3) 非洲公路设计模式与施工现场结合更加紧密,设计内容比国内标准要更多、更细一些,设计流程也更繁琐;(4) 设计施工一体化模式下设计更要充分考虑施工条件、施工方案等各方面因素,在效益最大化过程中起到举足轻重的作用.     

欧洲轨道车辆材料防火标准及其启示

介绍了欧洲一些国家的轨道车辆材料防火标准。从材料分类和车辆分类、火蔓延和热量释放、材料的烟密度、材料燃烧产生的毒性等方面对我国目前相关的车辆材料防火标准提出改进建议。我国的铁道车辆防火标准从烟、火、毒及燃烧释放热量等方面对材料的防火要求还应进一步细化。该防火要求应同时考虑试验方法和评定标准,并根据我国的国情在标准的应用中不断总结、更改和完善,从而形成一套比较合理、有效且适用的轨道车辆材料防火标准。     

重庆白沙渗流井渗透水水质特征研究

对重庆江津白沙自来水厂施工的渗流井渗透水水质进行的研究表明，受微污染的高浊度江河水，通过天然河床渗滤处理转化为渗透水，能够较好地去除水中的悬浮物质，降低水的浊度，并有较好的除菌效果。渗透水的NO3^-，COD，BOD，TOC含量明显降低，去除效果达75％以上。渗透水常量化学组分发生较为明显的变化，微量组分含量变化不大。渗透水水质达到国家饮用水标准，可以直接作为生活用水。     

Environmental repercussions of parking demand management strategies using a constrained logit model

In order to select the correct mobility strategy, individuals’ choice behavior must be studied, and their reactions in response to strategies must be predicted. Upon exploring aspects subject to constraints, our results included walking distance, parking rates, search time and parking availability. We have identified scenarios in which simulation outputs of environmental parking mobility strategies differ significantly when using the Constrained Multi-Nominal Logit (CMNL) when compared with the widely used Multi-Nominal Logit (MNL). With the CMNL model growing in popularity, it is worth considering environmental mobility strategy repercussions in this context with the incorporation of relevant constraints.     

船舶污水处理技术研究与应用进展

海运、河运增长迅速,船舶污水处理日益受到广泛关注。本文以海洋船舶为主要研究对象,综述了海洋船舶污水的类型、水质特征、处理技术研究和应用进展,并展望了海洋船舶污水处理的膜生物反应器研究与应用方向。海洋船舶污水主要指压舱水以外的船舶污水,主要包括船舶生活污水和含油污水。海洋船舶生活污水的水质、水量随乘员变化较大,呈现污染物浓度高、变化大等特征,其中黑水污染物浓度BOD5991~5840 mg/L,SS 1180~4980 mg/L;含油污水成分复杂,乳化程度高,舱底水中含油量可达50000 mg/L。虽然海洋船舶污水排放标准随海域变化较大,但日益严格,这导致船舶污水处理对空间、运行维护的要求高,因此,膜生物反应器成为海洋船舶生活污水处理研究与应用的主流技术。     

On the morning commute problem with bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints

Morning commuters choose their departure times based on a combination of factors—the chances of running into bottleneck congestion, the likely schedule delays, and parking space availability. This study investigates the morning commute problem with both bottleneck congestion and parking space constraints. In particular, it considers the situation when some commuters have reserved parking spots while others have to compete for public ones on a first-come-first-served basis. Unlike the traditional pure bottleneck model, the rush-hour dynamic traffic pattern with a binding parking capacity constraint varies with the relative proportions of the two classes of commuters. It is found that an appropriate combination of reserved and unreserved parking spots can temporally relieve traffic congestion at the bottleneck and hence reduce the total system cost, because commuters without a reserved parking spot are compelled to leave home earlier in order to secure a public parking spot. System performance is quantified in terms of the relative proportions of the two classes of commuters and is compared with those in the extreme cases when all auto commuters have to compete for parking and when none of them have to compete for one.     

Truck parking in urban areas: Application of choice modelling within traffic microsimulation

Urban truck parking policies include time restrictions, pricing policies, space management and enforcement. This paper develops a method for investigating the potential impact of truck parking policy in urban areas. An econometric parking choice model is developed that accounts for parking type and location. A traffic simulation module is developed that incorporates the parking choice model to select suitable parking facilities/locations. The models are demonstrated to evaluate the impact of dedicating on-street parking in a busy street system in the Toronto CBD. The results of the study show lower mean searching time for freight vehicles when some streets are reserved for freight parking, accompanied by higher search and walking times for passenger vehicles.     

Urban freight,parking and pricing policies: An evaluation from a transport providers’ perspective

This paper investigates transport providers’ preferences for alternative loading bays and pricing policies. It estimates the importance of loading bays, the probability of finding them free and offers strategically relevant information to policy makers. The results underline the relevance of both preference heterogeneity and non-linear attribute effects. Three classes of agents are detected with substantially different preferences also characterized by non-linear sensitivity to attribute level variations. The specific freight sector, frequency of accesses and number of employees are all relevant covariates explaining different preferences for alternative transport providers’ categories. The implications of the results obtained are illustrated by simulating alternative policy scenarios. In conclusion, the paper underlines the need for rigorous policy analysis if the correct policy outcomes are to be estimated with an adequate level of accuracy.