新能源船舶混合电力系统容量优化策略

在新能源船舶电力系统中,不合理的系统容量分配会引起电网的剧烈波动,增加能源消耗,提高用电成本等不利情况。为保证行驶的安全合理,提出一种考虑船舶横摇的新能源船舶混合电站系统的优化策略。该策略使用加入遗传算法交叉过程的多目标多约束粒子群算法,在考虑船舶航行时横摇的情况下,对船舶电力系统中柴油机的出力以及储能电池的容量进行优化配置,在保证船舶运行效率的同时,减少电力系统运行成本以及燃油消耗。以某远洋油轮为例,在一个航程内,优化后的船舶混合电站系统在满足用电可靠性的前提下,合理分配各电源出力,显著改善了电力系统的用电成本。     

Time reversal damage localization method of ocean platform based on particle swarm optimization algorithm

The traditional time reversal is considered a promising approach for non-destructive testing and health monitoring of key region and structure, but it is considerably time consuming. This paper presents a time reversal damage localization method, based on particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is capable of improving the real-time performance of health monitoring in ocean platform. Firstly, the virtual focusing model of time reversal is constructed, and a succinct expression of virtual focusing for sensor pairs is proposed. Then, on the definition of the evaluation index, the PSO based time reversal algorithm is proposed, and the proper coefficients is given. Finally, the finite element simulation and experimental case validate that the proposed method is capable of find the damage location within limit iterative steps. Thus, the proposed method is a hopeful method for online monitoring and damage localization of large sized structure.     

Comparison of particle mass and number emissions from a diesel transit bus across temporal and spatial scales

This study analyzes particle number and mass emission rates measured from the exhaust of a 2002 diesel transit bus in real-world driving conditions. The dynamics of the particle number and mass emission rates are examined at resolved temporal and spatial scales across an urban arterial, a rural arterial and a divided freeway. Time-based particle number and mass emission rates were highest on the freeway, but the distance-based particle emission rates of emission/km at “hot-spots” for exposure assessment for selected 50-m road segments occurred at intersections when the bus accelerated from a stop or traveled up high grades. Comparisons of particle mass and number emission rates between idling and acceleration indicate that unless the bus is extending idling for several minutes, public exposure to bus particle emissions near bus stops can be mainly attributed to accelerations. Generally, particle number and mass emissions rates are highly correlated both temporally and spatially. Some deviations occur because particle mass emissions are highly elevated during sustained fueling events such as traveling on high grades and during sustained accelerations, while particle number emissions are more sensitive to fuel and engine speed fluctuations.     

柴油机微粒生成及控制技术

在总结柴油机微粒排放的生成机理的基础上,分析了影响柴油机微粒生成的各种因素。通过对柴油机微粒各种净化方式的比较,总结指出了柴油机微粒处理的发展趋势。     

Second order macroscopic traffic flow model validation using automatic differentiation with resilient backpropagation and particle swarm optimisation algorithms

The problem of validating the Modéle d’Écoulement de Trafic sur Autoroute NETworks (METANET) model of a motorway section is considered. Model calibration is formulated as a least squares error minimisation problem with explicit penalisation of fundamental diagram parameter variation. The Automatic Differentiation by Overloading in C++ (ADOL-C) library is incorporated into the METANET source code and is coupled with the Resilient Back Propagation (RPROP) heuristic for solving the minimisation problem. The result is a very efficient system which is able to be calibrate METANET by determining the density and speed equation parameters as well as the fundamental diagrams used. Information obtained from the system’s Jacobian provides extra insight into the dynamics showing how sensitivities propagate into the network. A 22 km site near Sheffield, UK, using data from three different days is considered. In addition to the ADOL-C/RPROP system, three particle swarm optimisation algorithms are used for solving the calibration problem. In all cases, the optimal parameter sets found are verified on data not used during calibration. Although, all three sets of data display a similar congestion pattern, the verification process showed that only one of them is capable of leading to parameter sets that capture the underlying dynamics of the traffic flow process.     

A toll-based bi-level programming approach to managing hazardous materials shipments over an intermodal transportation network

This research proposes a bi-level bi-objective model to regulate the usage of rail intermodal terminals for hazardous materials (hazmat) shipments, where government imposes tolls to deter carriers from using certain terminals. The complexity of the resulting mathematical program motivates the development of a hybrid speed-constrained multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is then integrated with CPLEX, to solve the model. Through a real problem instance based on the intermodal service chain of Norfolk Southern in US, the toll-setting model is examined and further compared with a regular network design approach, in which certain terminals are closed to hazmat containers. The computational results show that the toll-setting policy is more practical and efficient, and the two models can be combined as a two-stage strategy in long-term hazmat transportation regulations. Additional managerial insights are derived for different stakeholders.     

基于PSO的船舶动力定位自适应反步控制器

在船舶动力定位实际的作业过程中,由于海洋环境是缓慢变化的,建立的对象模型总存在一定的不确定性。针对上述问题,本文提出利用自适应反步控制器对船舶进行控制,并利用粒子群算法对控制器参数进行寻优,最后通过计算机仿真对本文方法进行了验证,仿真结果表明该方法有效。     

列车运行调整微粒群算法研究

列车运行调整问题是铁路行车调度指挥工作的重要内容,决定着区段内行车秩序的优劣。这一问题的计算机自动求解算法是我国铁路信息化建设的一个核心技术和难点问题。本文依据我国铁路行车组织体制的特点,建立了相应的模型。在模型的求解过程中,先运用大系统理论将列车进行分层分级,从而将待解的原始问题分解成若干个子问题,在对分解后的问题进行求解时,设计了微粒群算法,运用该算法可快速得到各子问题的近似最优解。然后,应用系统原理对问题进行还原,即可快速得到一个满意度高、可用性强的列车运行调整方案。最后,采用现场数据,应用该算法对列车运行调整问题进行求解,并与遗传算法进行比较,结果表明微粒群算法解决列车运行调整问题高效、实用。     

船舶压载水管内取样方案分析

本文对国际海事组织的污染防控与响应分委会于2017年12月召开的第五次会议中有关国家与组织提出的若干船舶压载水管内取样方式进行了总结。结合流体动力学基本知识对各方案进行评述,本文对目前压载水管内取样的位置、流态提出了可行性建议,认为压载水管系内取样应在避开管系弯折、且充分发展的湍流下进行。对于目前尚未明确的问题,本文提出了可能的研究方向以及可供参考的其他领域类似问题。     

时速300km高速列车铜基粒子强化闸片的研究

通过粉末冶金工艺,制备了铜基粒子强化材料,材料由金属基体铜、铁、铝、锡和多种高硬度陶瓷粒子以及石墨、二硫化钼构成。利用定速摩擦试验机在摩擦压力为0.45~0.9 MPa、模拟列车速度为50~300km.h-1的实验条件下,对制备的材料进行了摩擦性能测试。结果表明:该材料在定速摩擦条件下的摩擦系数大都处于或高于国际铁路联盟(UIC)标准的上限。在1∶1制动动力试验台上,对用该材料制造的高速列车制动闸片进行最高时速达300 km的工况测试。结果表明:该制动闸片的摩擦系数完全处于UIC标准的控制范围内,磨损率为0.37 cm3.MJ-1,并且产生的噪音低,振动小,导热性好,适合在时速300 km的高速列车上使用。