城市轨道交通乘客满意度评价体系的构建

对城市轨道交通如何建立乘客满意度测评指标体系进行研究,在把握整体的基础上,分析运营部门如何对服务水平的关键点进行控制与管理,为管理者建立符合自身实际情况的乘客满意度评价体系提供参考依据.     

季节性差别定价法在客运专线中的应用探讨

结合我国国情,客运专线拟采用多种速度动车组混合运行的运输组织模式,通过分析客运专线运输市场需求价格弹性,探讨了按淡、旺季对客运专线分市场来实施差别价格策略的合理性与可行性。通过分析表明,在一定条件下实施季节性差别定价法能增加客运专线运营企业利润,提高经济效益。     

VMT, energy consumption, and GHG emissions forecasting for passenger transportation

Globalization, greenhouse gas emissions and energy concerns, emerging vehicle technologies, and improved statistical modeling capabilities make the present moment an opportune time to revisit aggregate vehicle miles traveled (VMT), energy consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions forecasting for passenger transportation. Using panel data for the 48 continental states during the period 1998-2008, the authors develop simultaneous equation models for predicting VMT on different road functional classes and examine how different technological solutions and changes in fuel prices can affect passenger VMT. Moreover, a random coefficient panel data model is developed to estimate the influence of various factors (such as demographics, socioeconomic variables, fuel tax, and capacity) on the total amount of passenger VMT in the United States. To assess the influence of each significant factor on VMT, elasticities are estimated. Further, the authors investigate the effect of different policies governing fuel tax and population density on future energy consumption and GHG emissions. The presented methodology and estimation results can assist transportation planners and policy-makers in determining future energy and transportation infrastructure investment needs.     

User perspectives in public transport timetable optimisation

The present paper deals with timetable optimisation from the perspective of minimising the waiting time experienced by passengers when transferring either to or from a bus. Due to its inherent complexity, this bi-level minimisation problem is extremely difficult to solve mathematically, since timetable optimisation is a non-linear non-convex mixed integer problem, with passenger flows defined by the route choice model, whereas the route choice model is a non-linear non-continuous mapping of the timetable. Therefore, a heuristic solution approach is developed in this paper, based on the idea of varying and optimising the offset of the bus lines. Varying the offset for a bus line impacts the waiting time passengers experience at any transfer stop on the bus line.In the bi-level timetable optimisation problem, the lower level is a transit assignment calculation yielding passengers’ route choice. This is used as weight when minimising waiting time by applying a Tabu Search algorithm to adapt the offset values for bus lines. The updated timetable then serves as input in the following transit assignment calculation. The process continues until convergence.The heuristic solution approach was applied on the large-scale public transport network in Denmark. The timetable optimisation approach yielded a yearly reduction in weighted waiting time equivalent to approximately 45 million Danish kroner (9 million USD).     

Evaluating the effects of bus design on passenger flow: Is agent-based simulation a feasible approach?

In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducing the simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passenger flows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design.     

改进北京南站站房配电所操作电源的方案

针对北京南站站房配电所在任意一路电源停电后，由于UPS故障造成高压开关不能正常分合、微机保护装置不能正常工作的问题，本着成本低、方便易行、可靠性高的原则，提出切实可行的改进方案。     

国外钢板在轿车发展中的作用

本文从法规限制，市场需求和生产制造等方面评述了轿车工业面临的压力，论述了钢板用于制造轿车壳体的特点，根据轿车材料的选择原则，无论是近期还是未来，钢板仍将是轿车壳体的主要材料。针对轿车壳体的应用，简述了薄钢板，镀层钢板和复合夹层减振钢槔的现状和发展趋势。     

奥迪100轿车后螺旋弹簧的可靠性设计

本文介绍了奥迪１００桥车后螺旋弹簧的可靠性设计方法。在基本随机变量的概率特性已知的情况下，使用二阶矩技术对弹簧的可靠性进行设计，所编制的计算机程序可以迅速准确地得到弹簧的可靠性设计参数。     

马自达6轿车ABS故障诊断

马自达6轿车ABS由轮速传感器A熏BST/CSHUC/M等组成。ABST/CSHUC/M由液压控制单元和电子控制模块组合而成,通常被称为ABS控制器,采用这种结构可使系统紧凑。简述了马自达6轿车车载诊断试验过程。给出了马自达6轿车ABS的诊断故障代码及相应的诊断步骤,并列举了常见故障的诊断实例。     

英国的客运交通发展及启示

作者考察了英国客运交通的发展情况,文章结合我国及广西的实际情况,就如何吸收和借鉴英国有益的经验和做法,提出了加快道路运输发展的措施和建议。