平移模式下挡土墙墙背土侧压力系数的计算

根据库仑土压力理论中墙背滑动楔体整体达到静平衡的基本原理，假定沿墙高方向，土与墙背的摩擦角均达到极限值，从墙背处土体主应力偏转的应力状态分析出发，得到墙背处的主应力偏转角和土侧压力系数的计算公式；把土侧压力系数用于水平层分析法，建立了竖向土压力的基本方程，求解该方程，导出了挡土墙主动土压力、土压力合力及其作用位置的理论公式。经比较，该方法与其他方法对土侧压力系数的计算结果基本一致，所得的挡土墙主动土压力计算结果与模型试验结果也较为吻合。     

基于水流牵引力的河道岸坡稳定性分析*

基于极限平衡理论,结合水平条分法,将Bishop法的竖直条间力关系转换到水平土条上,推导出水流牵引力作用下均质岸坡稳定安全系数的理论计算公式,将其结果与ABAQUS有限元软件的强度折减法模拟的计算结果进行对比分析。结合工程实际,分析水流牵引力对不同坡比河流岸坡的稳定性影响规律。结果表明,理论计算公式与软件模拟的结果基本吻合,误差不超过2.1%。河流中水流牵引力会增大岸坡土体的下滑力矩,降低河流岸坡土体稳定安全系数;当岸坡土体遭受降雨、坡脚土体劣化作用等多因素作用下而处于临界稳定状态时,水流牵引力可能成为滑坡启动的关键因素;在河流岸坡失稳滑动时,水流牵引力将导致滑体向河道方向滑移更远距离,加重滑坡对河流航道安全的危害;坡度越陡,岸坡稳定安全系数受水流牵引力的影响越大。在进行高陡河流岸坡稳定性分析时,水流牵引力是与强降雨、泥石流等因素同样重要且不可忽视的导致岸坡灾变失稳的外部荷载作用。     

Predicting the wet collapse pressure for flexible risers with initial ovalization and gap: An analytical solution

As offshore hydrocarbon production moves towards ultra-deep water, flexible risers have to withstand the huge hydro-static pressure without collapse. They are designed with strong collapse capacities, allowing them to operate under the condition where their annuli are flooded by the seawater. However, initial imperfections can weaken the collapse capacity under such a flooded condition, triggering the so-called “wet collapse”. Two common initial imperfections, the carcass ovality and the radial gap between the carcass and pressure armor, would reduce the collapse strength of flexible risers significantly. Mostly, collapse analyses are performed through numerical simulations, which are less feasible for the design stage of flexible risers comparing with analytical models. To date, there are few analytical models available in public literature to predict the wet collapse pressure of flexible risers accounting for initial ovality and gap. To meet this demand, an analytical model is established in this paper to address these issues. This model is developed as a spring-supported arch, solving the collapse pressure with stability theories of ring and arched structures. This analytical model is verified by numerical simulations, which gives prediction results that correlate well with the numerical ones.     

无砟轨道线路临时架空装置现场应用与测试

无砟轨道线路临时架空技术是在轨道病害修复过程中保障列车正常运行的关键。本文结合一高速铁路车站无砟轨道沉降整治工程,研发了适用于无砟轨道线路的临时架空装置。该装置以钢垫梁作为架空主体,可采用1片钢垫梁替换1块轨道板架设临时线路,也可采用多片钢垫梁替换连续多块轨道板,构成多跨连续的架空结构。架空装置施工便捷,稳定性好,安全可靠。现场应用测试结果表明,列车通过临时线路时的脱轨系数、减载率、轮轴横向力以及钢垫梁的跨中竖向、横向挠度等指标均小于相应限值。该装置所架设的临时线路能够满足高速铁路列车以速度45 km/h通行的要求。     

地铁振动对邻近建筑物影响及围护桩减振效果研究

依托北京某拟建住宅项目,采用现场监测方法获得地铁列车运行引起建筑物场区内地面振动的振动特性,并通过有限元分析软件建立地铁-土体-建筑一体化三维数值模型,预测拟建楼房的振动规律,预测结果与现场监测结果对比显示二者有良好的一致性,并分析采取基坑围护桩作为减振措施的应用效果。研究结果表明:(1)在地铁运行影响下,地面振动加速度级随着频率增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;(2)对于10层左右的建筑物,地铁运行振动引起的动力响应随着楼层的增加,存在一个先减小后增大的过程,地面首层和顶层的动力响应最为显著;(3)基坑围护桩能有效减小建筑振动响应,各典型楼层最大Z计权振动加速度级均下降7~9 dB;(4)随着楼层的升高,建筑结构对30~40 Hz频段的建筑物竖向振动具有一定削弱作用。     

考虑击穿水压的双道密封垫防水机制研究

为研究盾构隧道双道密封垫在防水性能提升上的效果，首先定性分析双道密封垫的防水机制，给出击穿水压概念以及基于弹性力学的密封垫击穿水压数值估算公式； 然后开展双道密封垫试验，对击穿水压数值进行验证，得出影响双道密封垫防水性能的一些因素。研究结果表明： 1）当外界水压大于外道密封垫初始防水能力的1.36倍时，密封垫被完全击穿，丧失残余防水能力； 2）不同的密封垫布置方式会影响双道密封垫的防水能力，在双道密封垫的实际应用中，需要将防水能力更强的密封垫布置在外侧，且双道密封垫的防水能力差距不宜过大； 3）沟槽的结构和尺寸会影响密封垫的防水能力； 4）无论是单道密封垫，还是双道密封垫，无错位量密封垫的防水压力远大于有错位量密封垫的防水压力，因此施工中应采取措施尽量减少错位量。     

Study on dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure

This paper is dedicated to the comprehensive investigation on dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure. A total of 20 stainless steel hemispheres are fabricated, which have a nominal radius of 60 mm and a nominal wall thickness of 0.76 mm. These fabricated hemispheres are divided into four groups with five samples in each group. Wherein, three groups are dented using conical, spherical, and cylindrical indenters respectively, while the remaining group is designated as undented one. Both dented and undented hemispheres are hydrostatically tested into collapse to examine the effects of indention on the collapse characteristics of hemispheres. Additionally, all tested hemispheres are semi-analytically and numerically evaluated based on the measured geometric data and tested material properties. The experimental, semi-analytical, and numerical results are compared in figures and tables.     

气囊气压无线监测报警技术在沉箱出运中的应用

本文通过介绍泉州港石湖作业区5号、6号泊位工程施工中研发和应用的气囊气压无线监测报警技术,为后续类似项目施工加强气囊压力监测,防范气囊爆裂风险,提高作业安全性,提供参考和借鉴。     

Going fast or going green? Evidence from environmental speed limits in Norway

This paper studies the impact of speed limits on local air pollution using a series of date-specific speed limit reductions in Oslo over the 2004–2011 period. We find that lowering the speed limit from 80 to 60 km/h reduces travel speed by 5.8 km/h. However, we find no evidence of reduced air pollution as measured next to the treated roads. Our estimates suggest an annual time loss of the speed limit reductions of 66 USD per affected vehicle. Our findings imply that policy makers need to consider other actions than speed limit reductions to improve local air quality.     

基于坍落度的砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构渣土改良配方研究

针对成都轨道交通17号线一期工程土压平衡盾构法施工在砂卵石地层中遇到的难题，如螺旋输送机喷涌导致开挖面压力失控、卵石堆积于压力舱底部滞排等，采用膨润土和泡沫剂等对现场砂卵石进行室内渣土改良试验。结果表明： 1)改良剂的优化配比膨润土掺入质量比为5%，泡沫掺入体积比为10%~30%，即可使渣土的坍落度、和易性、抗渗性均保持良好，达到塑性流动状态。2)以渣土的坍落度在150~200 mm且无离析为改良的前提条件，以最小膨润土使用量为优化目的，建立砂卵石渣土坍落度与改良剂膨润土和水掺入量之间的三维曲面图，根据离析与非离析区域边界确定膨润土泥浆最经济的膨水比为1∶6。将试验结果应用于该工程的砂卵石地层土压盾构工程实践，掘进效率以及盾构工作的安全性得到显著提高。