红灯延时制式的高速路入口匝道模糊控制方法研究

把城市交叉口的模糊控制方法应用于高速公路匝道控制,提出了用红灯延时来进行周期调节,根据下游占有率的变化来设计模糊控制器的控制算法,对匝道控制的智能化进行了研究.最后,将算法在计算机上进行仿真计算,并和常规的匝道控制方式进行比较,得出了这种控制算法优于一般控制算法的结论.     

基于中国人体形特征的行人假人缩放方法

结合中国人体形特征和假人缩放方面的研究成果,提出了基于受害人体形特征的行人数字仿真假人快速定制方法。该方法通过交互式程序,只需输入受害人的身高和人体质量信息,就可以快速生成多刚体假人模型。文中还以一起真实的事故案例为例,研究了假人体形参数对仿真结果的影响,结果显示假人体形参数对事故再现结果的影响不容忽略,尤其是要注意假人的几何尺寸方面,而对于人体质量误差的要求则可适当放宽。     

人车相撞头部伤害影响因素仿真分析及试验

在汽车与行人碰撞事故中,行人头部伤害是造成行人重伤或死亡的主要原因。采用有限元三维实体建模技术,建立了发动机罩和包括头皮、头骨两层球体结构的行人头部有限元模型,分析了头部与发动机罩的瞬态大变形非线性撞击响应,得到了头部与发动机罩相撞时的速度、位置及头部质量、发动机罩的厚度、摩擦因数等因素对头部伤害的影响规律,并对铝质与钢质发动机罩作了比较,结果表明铝质发动机罩对行人头部具有更好的保护效果。     

Crash analysis at intersections in the CBD: A survival analysis model

Enhancing the safety level of urban roads especially in CBDs is paramount. Due to a large number of intersections in what is usually a grid road system in the CBDs, we investigate crashes occurring in and around an intersection. The question of interest in this study is: does the nature of crashes at intersections differ from those of the roads at midblock? Stated more precisely, considering the intersection as a reference point, does the distance to the reference point (i.e. midblock locations on the roads) correlate with different types of crashes compared to that of the intersection? A right answer can lead traffic engineers and safety auditors to propose different safety measures at intersections and the midblock locations. As a pilot study, we collected the last 9 years crash data of the CBD of Melbourne, Australia. For the first time, we employ Survival Analysis models -including Exponential, Weibull, and Log-logistic- to investigate a space-dependent phenomenon (i.e. accidents at proximity to the intersection). Of the outcome, highlights are: (i) police presence at busy intersections during busy night outs and weekends highly improves the pedestrian safety (ii) raised crossings at midblock locations lower likelihood of crashes of pedestrians as well as cars, (iii) lighting conditions at intersections must be watched and kept at a high level. (iv) Severity, likelihood, and location have no known association with the level of congestion. In other words, safety is first, always and everywhere. The results can be of interest to traffic authorities and policy makers in reinforcing traffic calming measures in the cities. The codes developed in this study are made available to the research community to be used in further studies.     

Design of income-equitable toll prices for high occupancy toll lanes in a single toll facility

Income inequity potentially exists under high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes whereby higher-income travelers may reap the benefits of the facility. An income-based multi-toll pricing approach is proposed for a single HOT lane facility in a network to maximize simultaneously the toll revenue and address the income equity concern, while ensuring a minimum level-of-service on the HOT lanes and that the toll prices do not exceed pre-specified thresholds. The problem is modeled as a bi-level optimization formulation. The upper level model maximizes revenue for the tolling authority subject to pre-specified upper bounds on tolls. The lower level model solves the stochastic user equilibrium problem. An agent-based solution approach is used to determine the toll prices by considering the tolling authority and commuters as agents. Results from numerical experiments indicate that a multi-toll pricing scheme is more equitable and can yield higher revenues compared to a single toll price scheme across travelers.     

简述汽车行人保护的现状与发展方向

近年来汽车碰撞安全的发展一日千里。但相对于日臻完善乘员保护研究,对行人的保护在过去并没有受到同等的重视。为此,欧洲自2005年开始把行人保护要求视为车辆设计必须考虑的因素。本文将从各个方面简要介绍汽车工业在行人保护上的发展现状,面临的挑战及未来可能的发展方向。     

Modifying pedestrian behaviour

The paper reports on research using a new type of pedestrian waiting countdown timer to influence pedestrian behaviour at signalised pedestrian crossings in Dublin. The aim was to evaluate the impact of the timers on pedestrian crossing behaviour and in particular to see if it had any impact on the number of illegal crossings (during red man––do not walk signal). The timers inform the pedestrian how many seconds they have to wait until the green man appears. Two surveys were used to evaluate the impact: an attitude survey to evaluate the perception of the users and a video survey to estimate quantitatively the impacts on pedestrian behaviour but also to evaluate the awareness levels of the pedestrians towards the countdown timers. Some of the results include observance of more compliant behaviour by females and that pedestrians tend to overestimate their waiting time. Before the timers were installed 65% of pedestrians started to cross during the green man and amber phases but this rose to 76% after the timers were installed.     

基于E—NCAP行人碰撞保护的发动机罩设计

行人头部碰撞保护一直是汽车行人安全设计的难点,随着E—NCAP对行人保护要求的不断提高,头部保护的得分比重对于获得高星级评价至关重要。文章基于某车型E—NCAPV6．2五星性能开发,采用虚拟仿真与试验测试有效结合的方法,对发动机罩进行了优化设计,提出了一种有利于行人头部碰撞保护的发动机罩。改进前后测试成绩的对比分析表明,该结构可极大优化行人头部碰撞保护效果,使发动机罩头部测试区域得分总分提升至24．43分,满足E—NCAPV6．2五星行人保护性能要求。可为后续设计提供参考,具有很高的推广价值。     

高铁CTCS-3级列车运行控制系统轨道电路建模与仿真

CTCS-3级列车运行控制系统是我国高速铁路的核心系统之一,是铁路安全运输的重要保障。构建列车运行控制系统仿真测试平台,对于分析列控系统性能,验证列控系统功能具有重要意义。本文分析了CTCS-3级列控仿真测试平台中轨道电路模块的设计与实现,完成了轨道电路占用检查功能和轨道电路码序编制功能,并进行了轨道电路分路不良情况的识别与防护。     

非港湾式公交停车影响下的交通流元胞自动机模型

文章以包含非港湾式公交停靠站的城市单向双车道路段为研究对象,在分析其相关交通特性的基础上,对路段元胞自动机模型做出改进,建立反映真实交通流的元胞自动机模型,通过模型可以得出公交车道路占有率与路段交通流量和车辆平均速度的关系.