信号交叉口行人过街优化组织实证研究

对信号交叉口行人交通进行优化组织不仅可以提升交叉口的整体运行效率,缓解城市交通拥堵,同时也体现了"以人为本"的交通组织内涵.本文首先分析了信号交叉口行人过街行为,指出信号交叉口处行人过街信号灯和行人过街设施存在的问题,然后提出了相应的改善措施:合理设置机动车信号灯与行人信号灯相位、优化行人过街设施.最后以北京市车公庄大街-车公庄北街交叉口为例,从改善信号灯相位和增加行人二次过街设施两个方面来优化交叉口行人交通.改善后,过街行人的绿灯时间增加了33.3%,行人过街效率显著提高.     

公路平面交叉口安全评价指标及方法

为了快速地对公路平面交叉口安全状况进行评价,本文利用冲突指数、交叉口几何设计事故影响系数、安全设施事故影响系数建立了平面交叉口安全评价指标并分别给出了冲突指数、交叉口几何设计事故影响系数、安全设施事故影响系数的计算流程和方法。最后选取平面交叉口指标计算值和专家主观打分均值的相关性分析,对平面交叉口安全评价指标的有效性进...     

基于DES监控理论的滑行道对头冲突控制策略

为克服场面开环控制模式难以应对随机事件的缺陷,提出场面运行闭环控制框架.基于DES(离散事件系统)监控理论,研究A-SMGCS(先进机场场面引导与控制系统)滑行道对头冲突控制,建立了面向滑行道物理布局的扩展受控Petri网模型.利用航空器滑行路径序列得到精简滑行模型,并考虑环路和环路链,给出无对头冲突的充分必要条件,提出了滑行道对头冲突避免控制策略以及相应的控制律决策算法.算例仿真试验表明,本文提出的策略能根据场面状态实时识别对头冲突并实现冲突避免.     

基于视频检测的交通冲突判别方法和模型

为了克服交通冲突传统人工判别方法的缺陷,提出了基于视频检测的交通冲突发生判别的基本流程,将交通冲突发生的判别划分为交通参数的视频检测、坐标变换和交通冲突判别3个阶段。在借助OpenCV和Matlab标定工具箱进行交通实体检测和坐标变换的基础上,建立了以冲突角度、速度和距离等指标为核心的交通冲突综合判别模型,并通过现实场景验证该模型的有效性。     

STUDY ON CONFLICT MANAGEMENT FOR COLLABORATIVE DESIGN SYSTEM

IntroductionAdvances in computer networks and informationtechnology have enabled product designers tomore effectively communicate,collaborate,ob-tain and exchange a wide range of design re-sources during product development.ComputerSupported Cooperative Work( CSCW) describesa research area concerned with people working ingroups and computer systems supporting them,and collaborative design is an important applica-tion of CSCW.Collaborative design has typicallydistributed multiple functional…     

五路交叉口交通改善方法及其应用

五路交叉口通常用环岛来组织交通,随着交通量的迅猛增长,现在成了道路上的主要拥堵点,是交通界公认的比较棘手的问题,探讨五路交叉口的改善方案显得尤为必要。结合城市多路交叉口的常见问题,探讨了五路交叉口设计中的五路环形交叉、五路信号控制、五路环岛加信号控制、五路改四路等方法,分析了各方法的优缺点并提出其适用条件。以实际五路交叉口改造为例,对各个方案进行仿真,并对仿真结果进行对比分析,提出了五路环行交叉口的最优解决方案。     

考虑冲突规避的自动化集装箱码头AGV优化调度方法

合理调度自动化导引车（AGV）对于降低自动化集装箱码头的作业成本具有重要意义。针对AGV调度中的任务分配和路径规划问题,考虑AGV电量和多载等因素,结合自动化码头布局特点,以AGV作业总时间最小和多AGV作业路径无冲突分别为第一阶段和第二阶段的优化目标建立两阶段模型。设计改进模拟退火算法求解第一阶段模型,为了加速算法收敛并保证解的质量,解的改进优先考虑任务的时间成本和AGV数量;设计基于时空网络的路径规划算法求解第二阶段模型,将作业区域离散成网格网络后添加时间信息构建可更新的时空网络,在时空网络上运用最短路径算法规划路径并规避冲突。对于任务分配不均衡导致的路径规划无可行解的拥堵情况,在冲突规避基础上重新计算AGV执行任务的成本并再次进行任务分配,不断迭代直到生成多AGV间路径无冲突的调度方案。以洋山四期自动化集装箱码头为例进行仿真实验与对比分析,结果表明：与使用传统路径规划和避障策略的AGV调度方法对比,所提方法下的总作业时间平均降低了7.31%,AGV冲突数量降低为0,任务总延期时间最大降低2 895 s,最大降低路网拥堵度10.79%,验证了提出方法解决冲突规避和拥堵问题的有效性。     

低空空域飞行冲突避让算法

为了预防航空器在低空空域飞行中发生相撞, 根据空中交通管理规则的飞行间隔规定, 采用速度矢量三角分析法, 分析了避免冲突的基本条件, 确定了航空器B与航空器A的速度矢量关系, 提出了调整速度和改变航向两种解决方法, 推导出速度和航向改变量的计算公式。通过系统演算和DRS-98型雷达管制模拟机的验证表明, 在任何情况下都能够使用改航法避让飞行冲突, 航空器之间的距离和航向差越大, 航向的改变量就越小; 当航空器之间的距离大于6倍的飞行间隔时, 应当使用调速法避让飞行冲突, 这样航空器可以继续保持原定的飞行航线。     

A programmable calculation procedure for number of traffic conflict points at highway intersections

Traffic movement conflict points at intersections are the points at which traffic movements intersect (including crossing, merging, and diverging). Numbers and distribution of different types of conflict points are used to evaluate intersection access management designs and safety performance. Traditionally, the determination of the numbers of conflict points for different traffic movements is based on manual methods, which causes the difficulty for computerized procedures to evaluate safety performance of different access management designs. Sometimes, a programmable calculation procedure may provide more effective solutions as compared with manual methods. This paper presents a programmable calculation procedure for the determination of the numbers of conflict points, which could be used as a basis for a computerized procedure. Concepts of virtual movement lanes and intersection quadrants are introduced to specify types of intersections, traffic lane configurations, and traffic movement regulations. Calculation models, based on such concepts, for traffic movement conflict points at signalized and unsignalized intersections can be obtained. In support of the procedure, case studies are presented in the paper. The procedure presented in the paper can be programmed into a computer program for the purpose of a computerized evaluation of intersection safety and design performance of different access management or control approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Probabilistic multi-aircraft conflict detection approach for trajectory-based operation

Conflict detection (CD) is one of the key functions used to ensure air transport safety and efficiency. In trajectory-based operation (TBO), aircraft are provided with more flexibility in en route trajectory planning and more responsibility for self-separation. The high flexibility in trajectory planning enables random changes in pilot intent, thus increasing the uncertainty in trajectory prediction and CD. This study proposes a novel probabilistic CD approach for TBO in which the uncertainty of pilot intent is taken into account by quantifying the aircraft reachable domain constrained by the flight plan. First, a probabilistic model for aircraft trajectory prediction is developed using the truncated Brownian bridge method. Based on this model, a novel conflict probability estimation method is developed. Finally, the performance of the proposed probabilistic CD approach is demonstrated through an illustrative air traffic scenario.