考虑表面粗糙度与轴瓦变形的水润滑轴承动力特性系数计算

本文在传统轴承动力学分析模型的基础上考虑了水润滑轴承轴瓦的刚度、阻尼和轴承质量以及可能存在的接触刚度、阻尼,推导了考虑表面粗糙度和轴瓦变形的扰动压力雷诺方程,对比了混合润滑模型与动力润滑模型、弹流润滑模型的轴承动力特性系数并分析其差异,研究了倾角、粗糙度等参数综合作用下水润滑轴承动力特性系数的变化规律。结果表明,最小膜厚比大于某一阈值时粗糙度增加可提高水膜动力特性系数,轴瓦变形会使动力特性系数减小,同时也会扩大使水膜刚度、阻尼获得增幅的粗糙度范围,但削弱了粗糙度对承载方向刚度、阻尼的增幅效果。此外,在承受载荷一定的条件下,粗糙轴承的动力特性系数在倾角较大时明显小于光滑轴承的对应值。     

Prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion of a typical block in fabrication of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform

Out-of-plane welding distortions of block structures during fabrication of offshore structure will significantly influence its dimensional accuracy and production schedule. Taking a B514 block of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform as research object, typical welded joints and their welding conditions were summarized based on actual welding procedure specification (WPS). Effective thermal elastic plastic (TEP) finite element (FE) analysis with parallel computation technology was carried out to examine thermal-mechanical response. Welding inherent deformations, which are considered as the elementary cause of welding distortion, were then evaluated. With welding inherent deformations as mechanical loading, elastic finite element (FE) analysis was then employed to predict dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, which has a good agreement with measurement data. In order to ensure the fabrication accuracy with less out-of-plane welding distortion, inverse deformation approach was applied to reduce the out-of-plane welding distortion, and influence of welding sequence on out-of-plane welding distortion was also examined. Both mitigation practices have obvious effect on dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, while corresponding mechanical mechanisms were also clarified.     

小相岭隧道围岩力学状态测试及大变形成因分析

为解决小相岭隧道平导和正洞的围岩大变形问题，采用现场试验的方法对围岩力学状态进行测试，基于实测数据对隧道大变形成因进行分析并提出针对性控制治理对策。结果表明： 1）隧道围岩强度偏低且存在明显的各向异性，初始地应力以水平应力为主，属极高地应力；现场实测结果显示底板处围岩损伤范围明显大于边墙处，推断隧道大变形为底隆变形，这与现场结构变形特征相符。2）隧道大变形的主要原因是下伏缓倾层状软弱岩层、高水平地应力、支护结构不对称等因素，尤其是平导底板的不对称结构对抵抗底隆变形能力较弱。3）在采取平导设置仰拱、正洞打设长锚杆、增大预留变形量、提升结构的刚度及强度等措施后，隧道变形得到了有效控制。     

施工及环境因素诱发污水处理池差异沉降及渗漏风险

针对地基变形特征及其引发的大型污水处理池混凝土结构破裂渗漏风险，研究人工降水、开挖与桩基加固、滨海潮汐地下水渗透等条件下的地基变形特性，并建立地基变形基本方程及多因素综合影响下的统一函数表达式。结合上海白龙港污水处理厂工程，分析了工程区域施工及环境因素可能产生的地基变形及其对结构受力的不良影响。结果表明：i）地基变形曲率对结构受力产生直接影响，曲率半径越小，结构的附加应力越大、致裂风险越高；ii）结构高度越大，对地基弯曲变形的反应越敏感；iii）结构抗弯刚度突变处，应力集中程度高、局部应力超限风险增大。     

银昆高速公路湿陷性黄土地基水泥土挤密桩处理试验研究

水泥土挤密桩复合地基的承载力和浸水后的时空变形特征是高速公路湿陷性黄土地基处理的重要研究课题。以银川至昆明高速公路(G85)太阳山开发区至彭阳(宁甘界)段为研究对象,采用现场载荷试验和浸水试验为手段,研究水泥土挤密桩处理后的复合地基承载力和浸水条件下的复合地基变形。研究表明:水泥土挤密桩对黄土地基的承载力改善具有十分显著的作用,随着桩数的增加,复合地基承载力特征值和群桩效应均随之增加;不同深度处的湿陷变形速率曲线规律具有明显的一致性,土体湿陷变形呈现时间早、速度快、变形量大的特点;在浸水试验试坑竖向方向和横向方向的变形分析表明水泥土挤密桩对黄土地层的湿陷变形能够起到良好的控制作用。     

基于角速率匹配法的船体变形实船测量技术研究

针对船体变形测量技术大多处于理论仿真的局限性,提出了基于实船试验的船体变形测量技术,考虑到测量速度的需要及静态变形角缓慢变化的特征,推导了基于角速率匹配法"准静态"模型。采用Kalman滤波技术对Mochalov模型和"准静态"模型下的变形角进行了估计,从实船试验的角度验证了船体变形的产生原因,拓展了"准静态"模型适用范围,进一步分析了舵操作对船体变形角的影响。试验结果表明,"准静态"变形角对缓变静态变形角跟踪效果良好,提高了静态变形角的测量精度,为光纤陀螺船体变形测量技术的实际应用奠定了坚实的基础。     

基于试验的型材冷弯成形线型特征研究

船舶型材冷弯成形加工过程中,逐段进给弯曲加工方式下塑性变形区的成形线型对于整体加工质量和效率的提高具有重要意义.针对成形线型的特点,采用正交多项式最小二乘拟合方法,分别拟合成形线型中的直线和曲线部分,分析两部分线型的特征.进一步,采用椭圆和抛物线逼近线型的曲线段,分析塑性变形区的线型特征,取得了有意义的结论.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of a tanker side panel laterally punched by a knife edge indenter

The paper presents finite element simulations of a small-scale stiffened plate specimen quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid indenter, in order to examine its energy absorbing mechanisms and fracture. The specimen, scaled from a tanker side panel, is limited by one span between the web frames and the stringers. The paper provides practical information to estimate the extent of structural damage within ship side panels during collision accidents. Moreover, the results of this investigation should have relevance to evaluate grounding scenarios in which the bottom sustains local penetration. This is possible since the structural arrangement of the double hull and the double bottom of tanker vessels is very similar. The experimentally obtained force–displacement response and shape of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The numerical analysis includes aspects of particular relevance to the behaviour of ship structures subjected to accidental loads which could give rise to difficulties in interpreting finite element calculations. In particular, the paper comments on the material nonlinearities, the importance of specifying the precise boundary conditions and the joining details of the structure. The considerable practical importance of these aspects has been the focus of attention in previous publications of the authors which evaluate the experimental-numerical impact response of simple ship structural components, such as beams and plates. Therefore, this paper uses the definitions proposed in those references to evaluate its applicability in the scaled tanker side panel, as an example of a more complex ship structure.     

北京地铁隧道地表横向沉降槽参数分析

为解决北京地铁隧道施工不同影响区划分和影响范围确定的不准确问题,对北京地区13 条地铁线路、903 份隧道工程的地表横向沉降槽资料进行分析,根据施工方法和地层条件的不同,分别对盾构法和矿山法施工隧道在黏性土地层、砂卵石地层等区域的沉降槽Peck 公式拟合参数进行统计分析,得出地层损失率和宽度参数的分布形态、相关统计值以及与隧道相对埋深的相关性。研究结果表明: 1)地层损失率和宽度参数的数理统计结果可以很好地指导北京及类似地层条件的城市地铁隧道工程影响区划分和影响范围的确定; 2)施工方法和地层条件是影响地铁隧道周围地层变形的重要因素,工程地表变形控制应注重相关研究; 3)建议各地深入开展地铁隧道沉降槽的拟合分析研究,为隧道工程影响区划分和影响范围确定提供科学依据。     

大断面矩形土压平衡式顶管上跨施工对运营地铁隧道变形的影响分析

以川大停车场下穿人民南路地下人行通道矩形顶管隧道工程为依托,采用数值模拟方法对大断面矩形土压平衡式顶管隧道上跨地铁运营区间隧道所引起的地铁隧道变形进行全过程分析研究,并将模拟结果与现场监测数据进行对比,验证模型的合理性。主要结论如下： 1）顶管法隧道上跨施工引发的既有地铁隧道竖向变形受前期掌子面支护压力影响较大,随着开挖面的推进,开挖卸载效应逐渐占据主导地位; 2）地铁隧道横向位移受顶管隧道掌子面支护压力和开挖卸载效应的共同影响,且地铁隧道管片衬砌上半断面的横向位移对掌子面支护压力极为敏感。