舰艇典型分段焊接工艺仿真及其变形规律分析

针对舰艇分段结构采用不同的装焊工艺顺序,会出现不同的焊接变形的问题,以某舰艇256#分段焊接的整体最小变形量为目标,基于热弹塑性和固有应变理论,对该分段焊接常用的六种不同焊接工艺顺序,采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行焊接变形数值仿真;对比六种不同的方案计算结果表明,舰艇分段焊接采用C方案以矩形块为单位,由中间向两端对称焊接、从船中向两舷焊接横向和纵向构件的工艺顺序,该分段整体变形量为最小,为最优焊接工艺顺序方案。     

软弱围岩隧道修建新方法——核心土加固变形控制法

2006年我国铁路系统相关施工单位开始接触变形控制法隧道施工技术,经过长达5年的基础理论学习研究与准备,在铁道部和兰渝铁路公司的支持下,2011年由中铁瑞威公司和意大利土力公司联合在兰渝铁路桃树坪隧道进行了中国首次隧道核心土加固变形控制法应用试验研究,并取得成功。文章通过工程实践,对桃树坪隧道的工程概况、地质问题、施工工艺、施工设备及核心土加固控制变形技术的应用效果作了较详细介绍。     

板裂围岩结构弯曲失稳分析

文章分析了板裂结构地质背景及板裂介质岩体特征,研究了板裂围岩破坏模式及力学机理,并结合工程实例,利用随机有限元模型对板裂结构屈曲破坏进行分析。     

软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究

为解决传统监测技术单点监测无法满足软岩隧道整体性变形监测的局限性,采用三维激光扫描技术进行软岩隧道整体性变形监测试验,从隧道结构的变形时间、变形空间分布及变形量进行整体分析。首先建立全站仪和三维激光扫描仪测量误差模型,分析三维扫描监测技术与传统隧道监测技术的特点,通过平面标靶和棱镜靶球精度试验得出平面标靶最佳入射角范围小于60°,棱镜靶球自动提取距离不大于45 m,作为测站设置和控制点布设的依据; 然后以渭武高速木寨岭隧道2号斜井工程为依托,开展软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究。研究结果表明： 中台阶开挖支护前已发生较大变形,最大变形位置为左侧上台阶与中台阶交界处,空间分布呈左大右小,试验段最大累计变形达0.48 m,下台阶及时封闭成环及2层初期支护有利于变形控制。     

丽香铁路黄山哨隧道下穿岩堆段设计施工关键技术

以下穿岩堆段的丽香铁路黄山哨隧道为工程依托,对岩堆段地表开裂及洞内初期支护边墙严重变形的问题进行研究。地表埋设6根测斜管监测地表位移情况,洞内布置3个断面进行围岩压力、钢架内力、二次衬砌内力、初期支护与二次衬砌间的接触压力、锚杆轴力量测。在分析现场岩堆段洞内外受力机制及原因的基础上,根据数值计算结果优化二次衬砌断面型式及进一步加大二次衬砌厚度及配筋。采取以下措施控制隧道岩堆段变形： 1）地表岩堆土石接触面开裂处增设截排水措施; 2）加大隧道初期支护钢架型号及加长岩堆侧边墙径向系统锚杆; 3）加大隧道边墙轮廓曲率并优化隧道二次衬砌型式为圆顺型; 4）隧道预留变形量加大至30 cm; 5）隧道二次衬砌内净空预留50 cm补强空间; 6）隧道拱部设置42小导管超前支护。现场岩堆段采取以上措施后已顺利施工通过,根据洞内外监测结果显示,结构在安全可控范围内。     

Analysis on the Characteristics and Development Trends of the Support Technology of High Ground Stress Tunnels in China北大核心CSCD

Combining the present situation and development trend of different tunnel support technologies at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the problems of rockburst in hard rock tunnels and large deformation in soft rock tunnels caused by high ground stress. It is concluded that: 1) regarding the rockburst problem, the current support technology is mainly influenced by the rock burst mechanism which is dominated by static factors, and so the used support components are generally of smaller deformation performance and "passive support" properties; 2) as the rockburst is the result of dynamic-static stress coupling, and only the anchor bolt has the "active support" attribute in the current "shotcrete+anchor bolt+wire net" support system, so the best support system should have the two functions of active support and energy release in terms of the rockburst problem, and the key focus of the research and development is anchorage members; 3) there are three main support types for large deformation in soft rock tunnels, e.g. the heavy support, layered support and yielding support. Among them, the heavy support system in underground cavern with large deformation is easy to induce excessive surrounding rock pressure, and so the applicable conditions are limited. The layered support system is still not the best choice due to its immature theoretical study, difficult determination of the thickness value and the installation time of each support layer and the interference to construction progress. With the characteristics of timely support and yielding while supporting, the yielding support system can give full play to the performance values of surrounding rocks and supporting materials, and make both of them reach the optimal state, so it is the best choice for supporting the soft rock tunnels with large deformations. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Analysis of Ground Response and Structure Stress Induced by PBA Method北大核心CSCD

The application of prefabricated tunnel technology has been become a new research field both in China and abroad. Based on the running tunnel between Yufuhe station and Wangfuzhuang station of Jinan rail transit line R1, a new prefabricated tunnel construction technology, the PBA method is presented. This paper makes a detailed discussion on section form, supporting scheme and construction process of the PBA method. In this study, 3D a new 3D numerical model for PBA method is presented by finite difference numerical simulation software Flac and the construction processes are modeled. The rule of ground surface settlement, ground deformation and structural stress caused by PBA method is studied in detail. Results show that the structure of PBA method can effectively control the deformation magnitude and scope. Stress concentration appears at the prefabricated connection parts and the reinforcement needs to check. The total assembled structure forms the load-bearing system after the completion of the lateral wall. The built-in depth of the precast pile and pile bottom grouting quality should to be ensured to control the displacement of the precast piles. The results of this study will be a useful reference for similar projects in the future. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

基于ANSYS有限元分析的海底管道变形数值模拟

某海底管道由于拖锚损伤导致局部失效变形。文中基于变形管道的偏移量、着力点破坏程度、塑性变形区域等信息,通过ANSYS有限元分析软件对管道在锚拉力作用下的变形过程进行数值模拟,计算变形管道所受的最大拉力和弯曲角度等参数,并验证整个变形过程。结果表明,该海底管道在至少2 657 k N的外力作用下牵引拉伸导致变形失效。     

基于固有变形的船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形的数值分析

在船用钢薄板的焊接过程中,不但会产生常见的焊接变形,也有可能产生焊接失稳变形。本文以焊缝的固有变形为依据,阐明船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形产生的内在机理;同时,以固有变形为输入参数,通过弹性有限元分析的数值模拟,预测出可能产生的失稳变形模态和变形值;最终,通过四种不同的工艺方法(激光焊、瞬态热拉伸、随焊激冷和间断焊等),来减小固有变形的数值,并控制薄板对接焊接头可能产生的失稳变形。     

内河航道桥梁船撞时船体最大变形量研究

目前在桥梁船撞防护的专项设计或船撞力专题研究中,对船舶撞击力的研究和桥梁在船舶撞击作用下的响应关注较多,而对船体最大变形量的研究较少。基于ANSYSLS-DYNA软件,对4种不同载质量的内河代表船舶在3种航速、2种碰撞角度下撞击4种墩型的船撞工况进行数值模拟,提取船体最大变形量,并分析船体最大变形量与船舶载质量、撞击速度、桥墩类型及撞击角度的关联性,同时与经验公式做对比。研究结果表明,撞击速度及撞击角度是船体最大变形量的主要控制因素,桥墩类型与之关系不明显。