汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS)试验研究及评价方法

首先对ABS控制理论做了较详细的介绍,通过对ABS控制参数和控制方式的论述提出了ABS道路试验的重要性,重点对ABS试验方法、评价方法做了较详细的介绍。在评价方法方面,提出了利用多个参数来对ABS系统综合评价,该方法不仅适用于ABS产品的认证,更适用于ABS产品的研究及开发。     

Air transportation in a carbon constrained world: Long-term dynamics of policies and strategies for mitigating the carbon footprint of commercial aviation

With increasing demand for air transportation worldwide and decreasing marginal fuel efficiency improvements, the contribution of aviation to climate change relative to other sectors is projected to increase in the future. As a result, growing public and political pressures are likely to further target air transportation to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The key challenges faced by policy makers and air transportation industry stakeholders is to reduce aviation greenhouse gas emissions while sustaining mobility for passengers and time-sensitive cargo as well as meeting future demand for air transportation in developing and emerging countries. This paper examines five generic policies for reducing the emissions of commercial aviation; (1) technological efficiency improvements, (2) operational efficiency improvements, (3) use of alternative fuels, (4) demand shift and (5) carbon pricing (i.e. market-based incentives). In order to evaluate the impacts of these policies on total emissions, air transport mobility, airfares and airline profitability, a system dynamics modeling approach was used. The Global Aviation Industry Dynamics (GAID) model captures the systemic interactions and the delayed feedbacks in the air transportation system and allows scenarios testing through simulations. For this analysis, a set of 34 scenarios with various levels of aggressiveness along the five generic policies were simulated and tested. It was found that no single policy can maintain emissions levels steady while increasing projected demand for air transportation. Simulation results suggest that a combination of the proposed policies does produce results that are close to a “weak” sustainability definition of increasing supply to meet new demand needs while maintaining constant or increasing slightly emissions levels. A combination of policies that includes aggressive levels of technological and operations efficiency improvements, use of biofuels along with moderate levels of carbon pricing and short-haul demand shifts efforts achieves a 140% increase in capacity in 2024 over 2004 while only increasing emissions by 20% over 2004. In addition, airline profitability is moderately impacted (10% reduction) compared to other scenarios where profitability is reduced by over 50% which pose a threat to necessary investments and the implementation of mitigating measures to reduce CO2 emissions. This study has shown that an approach based on a portfolio of mitigating measures and policies spanning across technology and operational improvements, use of biofuels, demand shift and carbon pricing is required to transition the air transportation industry close to an operating point of environmental and mobility sustainability.     

Economic impact of a supply change in mass transit in urban areas: A Canadian example

This paper aims at estimating the economic impact of a supply change in the bus transit service in a Canadian city of medium size. By using a quasi-experiment approach and a difference-in-differences (DID) estimator, it evaluates the impact of the introduction of a rapid bus transit (RBT) in Quebec City (Canada) through a spatio-temporal analysis of house price variations. The hedonic price model shows that the new service generates an increase in house price ranging from 6.9% to 2.9%, for those properties located close to the service corridor where the population is quite dense and where the service was offered initially. Using sales transaction data and municipal assessment records from 1997, the effect on price is translated into an economic impact for the whole region. The paper shows that the improvement in public transit supply generates, for Quebec City, a significant fiscal impact estimated to $6 M and a plus-value for properties owners close to $35 M over 12 years. Finally, the implications of this kind of analysis for urban planning and development are discussed.     

Appraisal of investments in European nodal centres for goods – freight villages: A comparative analysis

The paper presents and analyses appraisal methods used for the assessment of potential investments in Nodal Centers for Goods (also called Freight Villages), which constitute an essential element of the Trans-European Network for Intermodal Transport. A methodological procedure is applied to identify the underlying factors that influence the choice of an appraisal method, without assessing or comparing the appraisal methods themselves. Following this procedure, issues addressed by the methods are grouped into three broad dimensions and with the use of non-parametric statistical tests, existing relationships are identified between nodal centres' characteristics, the appraisal methods, as well as the actors involved in the decision process. On applying the above procedure to European Nodal Centres for goods, it is found that the choice of appraisal method and the decision criteria for the investment are linked primarily to the nodal centre's size, catchment area, and the support or absence of political approval for the investment. The results of the analysis can be particularly useful at the policy making level, serving as non-formal "qualitative guidelines" to identify the appraisal method to be applied, as well as the options and impacts to be considered. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Stated preference freight mode choice model

Transport policy aims to assist the transport system to work more efficiently and effectively. An understanding of the reasons why people choose to move freight in a certain manner is critical to the development of appropriate policies. This article outlines a data collection approach and the development of a disaggregate mode choice model applicable to the analysis of freight shipper decision making. It focuses on the choice between rail and road in Java, Indonesia. The model indicates that safety, reliability and responsiveness are major attributes influencing rail/road freight mode choice. Transport policies aimed at improving these dimensions should increase the attractiveness of rail transport.     

Transport policy scenario-building

Long-term planning decisions must be as robust as possible to withstand such changes in the policy-making environment. This calls for a new approach for identifying how policies might fare under different types of conditions and for identifying robust no-regrets strategies. This paper outlines a systematic and logical framework for the development of policy scenarios and shows how scenarios can be used in the analysis of future policy options. The article discusses how scenario analysis can be used to identify, anticipate and assess policy options for the future in an environment of uncertainty, mainly using examples of transport policy in Europe.     

2009-2010年汽车市场分析与预测

2009年我国汽车市场总需求出现第2次井喷,也是我国成为全球第一大汽车市场的历史性转折点。文章采用图文结合的方法,对2009年汽车市场形势进行了评价、分析,并对2010年乘用车市场进行了预测,指出国家将继续实施积极的政策,2010年汽车市场发展速度将趋于平稳。     

双曲拱桥检测与技术状况及承载力评定

河北省邯郸市邢峰线武安县矿山双曲拱桥,经过检测病害较严重,出现病害的原因除该桥设计荷载标准较低外,还存在严重超载现象。通过桥涵养护技术规范及公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程,该双曲拱桥技术状况及承载能力均被评定为四类桥梁。由此桥过往车辆较多,且时有重车通过,存在严重的安全隐患。同时双曲拱桥这种桥型已经过时,因此建议矿山双曲拱桥拆除新建。     

宇龙仿真系统在数控教学及技能鉴定中的应用

阐述了数控加工仿真系统软件在教学和鉴定中的应用方法,并针对数控教学应用中存在的问题,提出了应对措施。     

运输企业能效管理评价体系的探索与研究

文章以道路运输企业为例,分析了目前运输企业能效管理的必要性,并就能效管理的评价体系构建进行研究,具有一定的指导意义。