非饱和黏性地基土的土-水特征曲线试验及模拟

内地港口地基土在地下径流和降雨入渗作用下,多为非饱和土,其土-水特性影响港口地基稳定性。以安徽淮北港非饱和黏性地基土为研究对象,开展不同初始含水率、初始干密度、竖向应力以及干湿循环次数下的土-水特征曲线(SWCC)试验。研究发现:初始干密度和竖向应力对非饱和黏性地基土SWCC的影响相似,对进气值、初气值、脱湿速率、吸湿速率和残余饱和度影响较大;初始含水率对土体脱湿、吸湿速率影响较小,随着初始含水率的提升,进气值、吸气值、残余饱和度递增;随着干湿循环作用的增强,进气值和出气值的衰减逐渐削弱。结合地基土土-水特性,修正几种常用的SWCC模型,模拟不同工况下的SWCC,通过评分的方式得到适用于淮北港非饱和黏性地基土的推荐模型。研究成果可为不同工况下非饱和黏性地基土的土-水特性及港口地基稳定性研究提供参考。     

新冠疫情及建成环境对公交客流量的影响模型

为揭示新冠疫情背景下公交客流量变化的空间影响因素,以疫情前后公交站点层面客流变化量为因变量,以建成环境、病毒感染情况及病毒传播途径等指标为自变量,构建新冠疫情与建成环境对公交客流量共同影响的线性回归(Ordinary Least Squares, OLS)模型与梯度提升回归树(Gradient Boosting Regression Trees, GBRT)模型。以广州市为实证对象,基于公交IC卡数据、兴趣点数据(Point of Interest, POI)及道路网络数据等多源异构数据进行模型实证分析。结果表明：考虑非线性效应的GBRT模型比OLS模型具有更好的拟合度;同时,常规公交站点的公交线路数量(22.02%)和到市中心距离(13.56%)是影响疫情背景下公交客流量变化的最重要因素,片区病毒感染与传播情况对疫情防控常态化时期的公交客流量作用有限,居民日常公交出行已经从疫情的影响下逐渐恢复。     

Experimental and numerical study of the shielding effect of two tandem rough cylinders in flow-induce oscillation

The shielding effect of the downstream cylinder in flow induced oscillation (FIO) of two cylinders arranged in tandem is studied experimentally and numerically at Reynolds number 30,000 to 120,000. Both cylinders are in one degree-of-freedom, transverse-oscillations, and have turbulence stimulation in the form of selective surface roughness to expand FIO beyond vortex-induced vibration (VIV) into galloping. Shielding of the downstream cylinder has a negative effect on harnessing hydrokinetic energy. To study its effect and mechanics, selective cases are studied both numerically and experimentally and discussed to demonstrate the shielding effect on the downstream cylinder and understand its cause. The main conclusions are: (1) The shielding effect for the downstream cylinder shows a strong relation to the damping ratio. As the damping ratio increases, the shielding effect is mitigated. Additionally, the oscillation of the rear cylinder becomes stable and shows stable frequency. (2) In the VIV region, as the stiffness and natural frequency increase, the shielding effect decreases substantially. (3) In the VIV region, the vorticity of the vortices shedding from both the upper and the lower sides of the downstream cylinder does not accumulate enough due to the attraction by the vortices shed from the upstream cylinder, thus resulting in partial suppression of the oscillation on the downstream cylinder. (4) In the galloping region, the shielding effect for the downstream cylinder depends on whether the vorticity near the downstream cylinder is strengthened by the vortices generated by the shear layers of the upstream cylinder or weakened.     

Load effects on vessel-shaped fish cage steel structures,nets and connectors considering the effects of diffraction and radiation waves under irregular waves

Vessel-shaped fish cages are mainly composed of a large floating body, aquaculture nets and a number of steel frames. Due to the large scale of vessel-shaped fish cages, the velocity field induced by the diffraction waves and radiation waves cannot be ignored in the calculation of the loads on the net and steel frames. In turn, the loads can affect the wave-induced response of the floating body and hence the radiation waves as well as the sectional forces. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to consider the coupling effect. First, considering the irregular waves in short-term periods, the global response of the floating body is calculated in the time domain by the state-space method based on potential flow theory. Meanwhile, the velocity field considering the influence of the floating body is built according to the velocity transfer function. Then, the Morison formula is used to calculate the loads on the nets and the steel frames. Finally, the coupling achieved through numerical iterations is considered in the calculation of the twine tension, load effect of connector and the global cross-section under irregular waves. It is found that the diffraction and radiation waves make a significant difference in the twine tension and connector load effect.     

地震载荷作用下海洋平台振动控制仿真研究

分别以海洋平台的前三阶固有频率作为被控频率,振动控制系统的参数在最优参数区间内取值,应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对海洋平台在三维地震载荷作用下的振动控制进行仿真研究。结果表明,地震载荷作用下,振动控制系统具有明显的减振效果,减振率都在60％以上。控制平台的第一阶固有频率可以得到很好的振动控制效果。同时控制平台的前二、三阶固有频率,振动控制效果存Y和Z方向有所提高,分别为10％和20％左右。     

双桨船Lucy Ashton轴系附体阻力的尺度效应

本文对Lucy Ashton带附体美人架和轴包架的几何相似船模试验结果重加分析。分别将带附体的和相应裸体的船模阻力试验结果绘成以C_r为纵坐标对C_F为横坐标的Froude数等值线。假定: C_r=(1 k)C_F C_W可发现全部Froude数等值线都是直线。可见三因次外插法可推广应用于带轴系附体的船模。 带轴系附体船模与相应裸体船模的1 k之差,乘以足足C_F后,可认为是轴系附体的粘性阻力系数。带轴系附体船模与相应裸体船模的C_w之差可认为是轴系附体的兴波阻力系数。以上粘性阻力系数和兴波阻力系数之和可认为是足尺轴系附体的总阻力系数。 由此三因次外插法计得的足尺轴系附体总阻力系数与由实船试验测得者间的最大误差可发现小于10％。假定船的附体阻力为裸船体阻力的10％,则最大误差小于裸船体阻力的1％。可见应用三因次外插法预估轴系附体阻力可给出十分满意的结果。     

高速铁路对既有铁路枢纽的影响分析

高速铁路是世界铁路建设发展的方向。纵观我国《中长期铁路网规划》中“四纵四横”铁路的快速通道,高速铁路起讫点和经由点都位于既有大城市的铁路枢纽。因此,从枢纽车站、线路、疏解设备以及城市经济、空间格局、公共交通系统发展等角度出发,有关高速铁路引入对既有铁路枢纽及枢纽城市的影响的系统分析,可为交通运输发展总体规划及城市交通规划提供参考。     

国IV轻型汽油车工况法排放测量影响因素的试验研究

使用一辆满足国Ⅳ标准的轻型汽油车在道路阻力设定方式、车辆预置条件、人员操作等因素发生变化的情况下进行多次试验,分析这些因素的变化对试验结果的影响程度,指出在排放控制水平日益提高的情况下,这些因素的变化会对试验结果造成较大影响,因此,在试验过程中对这些影响因素要严格控制。     

国内新能源公交车发展状况及问题探析

文章分析了部分客车生产企业在新能源公交车方面的发展动态及研发出的新能源客车车型,国内部分城市推广现状及公交企业在新能源客车进行了示范应用效果,通过重点分析LNG、混合动力、燃料电池、纯电动等新能源公交车的技术特性及其应用前景,总结出当前在发展新能源公交车方面存在的主要问题并提出部分建议,从而便于进一步促进国内新能源公交客车应用及推广。     

花子村黄土滑坡稳定性及变形机理研究

伴随着全省交通事业的发展,高速公路的建设不可避免要穿越滑坡区,对花子村黄土滑坡的稳定性和变形机理作了分析,对黄土质滑坡做出详尽的勘察和预测,提出合理处治措施,对保证高速公路安全、有效运营,具有重要的意义。