基于光纤传输的电引爆武备安全裕度测量系统的设计

电引爆武备安全裕度测量系统利用微型光纤温度传感器放置在电爆管桥丝附近,通过测量桥丝的热效应来间接测定电爆管在电磁辐射下的射频感应电流,从而对舰上的电引爆军械安全性作统一评估。系统采用光纤传输技术能很好地解决传输线在强电磁场中的引入误差,排除电测量方法中无法排除强场下自身引入干扰的问题。     

A multi-layered risk exposure assessment approach for the shipping industry

Maritime administration and coastal states have become more aware of the need to enhance risk mitigation strategies primarily due to increased worldwide shipping activities, changing safety qualities of the world fleet and limited resources to deploy mitigation strategies. This paper introduces an innovative multi-layered framework to assess, predict and mitigate potential harm. The proposed approach addresses known restrictions of risk assessments in shipping. These restrictions are the lack of scalability to apply risk assessments over large areas using an automated routine, the absence of recognizing that the world fleet is heterogeneous, the lack of integrating location specific environmental conditions such as wind, currents or waves and most importantly, the lack of recognizing the uncertainties associated with each factor especially for predictions. The proposed framework is based on the idea of integrating various layers representing the most important factors that can influence risk in order to estimate and predict risk exposure for a given area. As proof of concept of the underlying ideas, the outcome of a pilot project with the Australian Maritime Safety Authority is presented which demonstrates the integration of the first two layers and is based on a unique and comprehensive combination of data. The results of selected endpoints of risk exposure compare well with observations. The article also discusses the integration of the remaining layers including the recognition and addition of uncertainties in the future.     

Robust transit network design with stochastic demand considering development density

This paper analyzes the influence of urban development density on transit network design with stochastic demand by considering two types of services, rapid transit services, such as rail, and flexible services, such as dial-a-ride shuttles. Rapid transit services operate on fixed routes and dedicated lanes, and with fixed schedules, whereas dial-a-ride services can make use of the existing road network, hence are much more economical to implement. It is obvious that the urban development densities to financially sustain these two service types are different. This study integrates these two service networks into one multi-modal network and then determines the optimal combination of these two service types under user equilibrium (UE) flows for a given urban density. Then we investigate the minimum or critical urban density required to financially sustain the rapid transit line(s). The approach of robust optimization is used to address the stochastic demands as captured in a polyhedral uncertainty set, which is then reformulated by its dual problem and incorporated accordingly. The UE principle is represented by a set of variational inequality (VI) constraints. Eventually, the whole problem is linearized and formulated as a mixed-integer linear program. A cutting constraint algorithm is adopted to address the computational difficulty arising from the VI constraints. The paper studies the implications of three different population distribution patterns, two CBD locations, and produces the resultant sequences of adding more rapid transit services as the population density increases.     

Is in-cabin exposure to carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter amplified by the vehicle’s self-pollution potential? Quantifying the rate of exhaust intrusion

In-cabin exposure has increased in recent years due to longer commute and/or prolonged times in cars. The intrusion of the vehicle’s own exhaust into the passenger’s compartment has been recognized as a process that amplifies in-cabin passenger exposure. Quantifying its contribution is hampered by uncertainties associated with its measurement method such as trace tests and the lack of data regarding certain critical physical parameters, particularly those pertaining to air exchange rate (AER) and particulate matter deposition rate (DR). In this study, we present a hybrid methodology combining field measurements with a single-zone mass balance to estimate these parameters as well as the source term that represents vehicle self-pollution. In- and out-vehicle carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) were monitored concurrently in test vehicles under idle and moving conditions using several common ventilation modes. In addition to defining a hybrid methodology to characterize the underlying physical parameters, this study found that vehicle self-pollution can account for approximately 15 and 30% of CO and PM_2.5 exposure experienced by vehicle occupants respectively. Vehicle self-exhaust intrusion may constitute a significant PM exposure route for vehicle-based occupations or commuters with prolonged time in vehicles.     

锰作业男工妻子妊娠结局的调查研究

为评价锰对接触男工妻子妊娠结局的影响，对314名接触工人和314名非接触工人进行了调查。结果表明，74个作业点的209 个空气MnO2样品的几何平均质量浓度为0.145（0.002－9.340)mg/m^3，作业点和样品的超标率分别为47.3％和40.2％。接触组和对照组的早产、自然流产、死胎死产、低体重儿、新生儿死亡、围产儿死亡和出生缺陷发生率未见显著性差异，接触组自然流产、死胎死产、低体重儿、围产儿死亡和出生缺陷的RR和95％CI依次是1.5(0.7-3.0)、2.2(0.6-8.9)、1.5(0.7-3.1)、2.0(0.6-6.6)和4.6(0.5-39.3)。     

浅谈印制板图形转移制作工艺

论文主要介绍了图形转移(干膜)的制作工艺流程,并针对制作过程的常见问题进行分析和采取对策。     

沿海混凝土结构的现场暴露试验站设计

介绍沿海混凝土结构现场暴露试验站的选址原则和设计方法,并依此详细介绍某沿海现场暴露试验站的设计.现场暴露试验站选址原则的确立,为暴露试验站的设计提供了理论依据.     

职业暴露烹调烟雾对机体免疫功能的影响

以免疫球蛋白和外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率为指标，调查职业暴露烹调烟雾对机体免疫功能的影响。结果表明：暴露组ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ和Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率明显低于对照组，而且与暴露年限存在剂量－效应关系，说明烹调烟雾对机体的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能有损伤作用。     

电焊工人肺癌的研究进展

综述了与电焊工人肺癌有关的几个因素，如电焊烟尘中铁氧化物，六价铬和镍，焊接作业时石棉制品的接触和超低频电场的辐射，吸烟等。介绍了电焊工人肺癌的研究进展，并提出在今后研究电焊工人肺癌时要考虑多种混杂因素，注重有价值的剂量与效应关系的研究及病因学的探讨。     

Effectiveness of using variable message signs to disseminate dynamic traffic information: Evidence from field trails in European cities

Variable message signs (VMS) can provide up‐to‐date traffic information and guidance to drivers through electronic signs at the roadside. The paper draws together the results from VMS field trials conducted in nine cities as part of European Union‐sponsored research projects carried out between 1994 and 1999. The projects followed common guidelines in carrying out field trial evaluations, which has enabled generalized findings to be made on the impacts of the different VMS applications. The main emphasis in the paper is on drivers' reactions to VMS and the impacts of VMS on road network efficiency. Results are reported for four different types of traffic information. For incident messages, it is not only the severity of the problem reported that influences the level of diversions, but also other factors such as the specific location mentioned and the availability of viable alternative routes to avoid the problem location. For route guidance information, it is demonstrated that substantial diversions occur when the route advice differs from that given normally. For continuous information describing the traffic state on a major route, information increases the use of the major route and reduces use of alternative routes if there are no traffic problems reported on the major route. Travel time information was well regarded by drivers and found to be effective in inducing route changes. In general, the deployments of VMS to inform drivers of traffic conditions have proved successful in terms of improving network travel times and reducing environmental impacts. Whilst such changes have been relatively small, driver perception of the benefits is much higher. This is potentially very significant in terms of the role that VMS can play in the development of integrated transport strategies, as the provision of information may encourage greater acceptance of a range of demand management measures.