北方沿海地区钢筋混凝土桥梁早期腐蚀原因分析与防护

随着我国经济的发展,在北方沿海地区修建的钢筋混凝土桥梁逐渐增多,其海洋环境不但在桥梁建成后对混凝土桥梁造成危害,而且在桥梁兴建过程中,也能发生危害.分析北方沿海地区钢筋混凝土桥梁腐蚀的原因,对于兴建前的预防和兴建后的防护意义重大.     

一种新型高强度耐海水腐蚀不锈钢研究

扼要介绍了００Ｃｒ２６Ｎｉ６Ｍｏ４Ｃｕ１Ｔｉ铁素体时效不锈钢的化学成分、冶炼工艺、钢锭退火工艺、热加工工艺、形变一热处理工艺、热处理工艺及其实施效果,并与国内外典型铁素体不锈钢进行了比较。指出了该钢的优点、特点和用途。     

基于光纤传感器的钢筋腐蚀监测技术研究进展

文章介绍了钢筋在混凝土中的腐蚀机理和常用的光纤传感技术,综述了基于光纤传感器的钢筋腐蚀监测技术的研究进展。最后展望了钢筋腐蚀监测技术要实现工程应用的发展方向。     

基于四元船舶领域和避碰规则的碰撞危险度模型

为解决使用船舶领域计算碰撞危险度时所选取的船舶领域类型繁多，且碰撞危险度模型中对于目标船船舶领域与海上避碰规则等因素考虑较少的问题，提出基于四元船舶领域和海上避碰规则改进的碰撞危险度模糊评价模型。在计算碰撞危险度时考虑本船是否侵入目标船船舶领域，且根据海上避碰规则当本船为直航船时，判断目标船与本船是否为紧迫局面并将其作为计算因素加入模型。使用MATLAB进行仿真，结果表明改进的模糊评价模型能计算出更符合海上实情且满足海上避碰规则的碰撞危险度，为后续避碰决策研究提供更为准确的数据。     

On the collapse of thick-walled pipes with corrosion defects under external pressure

Corrosion defect is considered to be one of the major critical damages of subsea pipelines, which can result in a considerable loss in the collapse capacity of thick-walled pipes in deep waters. In this paper, collapse experiments on 13 small-scale seamless steel tubes with varying sizes of elliptical and rectangular corrosion defects were carried out in a sealed hyperbaric chamber. The collapse pressure and deformed configurations were obtained, with four types of collapse trajectories identified. A numerical framework was established to simulate the collapse event using ABAQUS, and decent consistency of the collapse pressure and collapsed configurations was observed between numerical and experimental results. Then, the collapse pressure of thick-walled pipes with a single elliptical corrosion defect was studied parametrically, covering different defect sizes, geometric characteristics, and material properties. Based on the extensive numerical analysis, a reasonable empirical formula was developed to estimate the collapse pressure of thick-walled steel pipes with various elliptical corrosion defects and material properties.     

Welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welded corroded and intact plates

The welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welds between non-corroded and corroded steel plates are studied experimentally and numerically, simulating a repair in an aged structure. Butt welds are made between plates with different corrosion levels and intact ones, and temperature distributions and distortions have been measured. Finite element analyses of the butt-welded corroded and non-corroded plates are performed to estimate the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses for different levels of corrosion degradation. The environmental conditions during the welding repair process are also accounted for. Experimentally evaluated mechanical properties of corroded steel plates as a function of the temperature during the welding process are employed in non-linear finite element analyses. The importance of the material properties as a function of the severity of the steel plates' corrosion degradation on the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses is also quantified. This study shows the importance of considering the ageing of steel in the repair process. The developed methodology allows critical operational decisions to be made with greater ease and confidence in analysing the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses when ageing structures are repaired to extend their service life. Furthermore, different welding sequence scenarios may be analysed to identify the most appropriate repair solution in minimising the repair cost.     

在役混凝土结构保护层锈胀开裂时间预测方法

文章在对南宁市友爱立交桥桥墩结构进行耐久性检测的基础上,运用合理的钢筋锈蚀量数学计算模型,预测分析了该桥桥梁墩柱混凝土保护层锈胀开裂时间及其分布特征。结果表明,混凝土结构保护层锈胀开裂时间具有随机性,且总体服从正态分布。     

Through-wall yield ductile burst pressure of high-grade steel tube and casing with and without corroded defect

Service environment of tube and casing in deep and ultra-deep well is getting more and more complicated, and the internal pressure applied to tube and casing is higher, so that the high-grade steel tube and casing (HGTC) made of ductile material is widely used. Obviously, the calculation of ductile burst pressure for HGTC is one of the key factors in design and important to safe and efficient development of unconventional oil and gas resources. Here, based on the failure principle of through-wall yield and unified yield criterion, the unified formula of through-wall yield ductile burst pressure (TYBP) for tube and casing under practical service condition which can be used to calculate TYBP of API HGTC and non-API HGTC accurately and reasonably by using true material parameters, has been deduced in this paper with due consideration of the effect of Bauschinger effect (BE), material hardening and intermediate principal stress (IPS) on the TYBP, by which the influence rules of BE, IPS and yield criterion on TYBP of tube and casing have been investigated.（The effect of lattice effect (BE), material hardening and intermediate principal stress (IPS) on TYBP is accurately and reasonably derived from non-API HGTC by using real material parameters. The value of BE, IPS and the TYBP yield criterion of pipe and casing are studied. Eight kinds of classic through-wall yield ductile burst formulas for tube and casing made of new material have been be derived from a series of yield criterion, by which TYBP model of HGTC with and without corrosion defect has been established based on weighted twin shear stress yield criterion. The calculation results of TYBP model presented by this paper are the closest to the full-scale burst experimental data than the other burst models, which can provide an important reference for burst pressure design and estimation of HGTC in deep and ultra-deep well.     

对船舶号灯、号型条款中常见误解类型的剖析

号灯、号型是船舶不可或缺的组成部分,是识别和判断船舶类型、大小、动态和工作性质的主要手段.尽管《1972年国际海上避碰规则》规定了各种船舶在不同动态下应显示的号灯或号型,但是由于船舶吨位增大,地方和港口主管机关对号灯、号型另行规定以及为满足当前操纵需要而设计的新型船舶出现,加大了对号灯、号型所提供的信息判断难度。本文以事故案例为引导,根据当前航行环境特点,对号灯、号型的规定进行有针对性的分析和研究。     

贵州省岑巩县地质灾害现状及防治对策

岑巩县主要地质灾害类型为滑坡,也见崩塌和地面塌陷,其形成除特殊的地形地貌和岩性组合特征外,与人为地质作用关系也密切。建立地质灾害防治的奖惩制度是改善生态环境减灾防灾的重要手段,监测责任落实到个人是实行部门负责制。