舰船建造的精节生产

从精节生产视角分析的目前的舰船建造过程及其一些待改进的方面，并且针对舰船建造主要特点提出了舰船精节生产内涵是以实现企业全面一体化的产品柔性制造为核心，即实施并行工程的设计制造一体化，以配套为龙头，实现船厂及其主要配套厂产销研一体化，达到提高产品质量，降低成本和缩短建造周期并谋求舰船建造整体效益的目的。     

Traffic flow consideration in design of freight distribution system

This study is part of a series of research projects on a distribution system we developed to deal with cases in a state-owned company. It concerns the design of the Public Service Obligation State-owned Company (PSO-SOC) distribution system. The intrinsic features of PSO-SOC are distributing strategic commodities and having subsidies within the cost function. Hence their distribution flow has to be secured under consideration of moving the commodities within road networks that have traffic flow dependency. This paper focuses on the solution of the proposed model which represents traffic flow dependency within a freight distribution network.The mathematical formulation takes the form of a Minimum Cost Multicommodity Flow (MCMF) problem. Traffic flow dependency is incorporated into the model by introducing a coefficient of speed, which is derived from the traffic assignment of ordinary traffic associated with the transportation of the type of freight under consideration The solution of the proposed model is formulated by Network Representation (NR), in which all of the components of the mathematical model are represented in the form of dummy links and nodes added to the original (physical) network. It is to be noted then, that the traffic flow on each road or link is represented by a link performance function (LPF), depicting traffic flow dependent travel time and consequent cost. The MCMF problem of NR is further solved by a Primal-Dual Algorithm.Finally, an illustrative example is exercised to show how the proposed step-wise solution works.     

产品开发过程中产品策划流程的探讨

文章阐述了在产品开发流程中产品策划的定义、作用和地位,详细描述了产品策划和商品企划的流程、内容和作用,并针对现有流程的一些问题进行了讨论,通过详尽的具体策划开发案例来说明问题,体现了策划流程在整车开发中的重要性。     

岑兴高速公路跨越成品油管道桥涵设计方法

文章结合岑溪-兴业高速公路设计实践,系统介绍跨越成品油管道桥涵的设计流程及设计方法,为类似桥涵工程设计提供参考。     

Mainstream consumers driving plug-in battery-electric and plug-in hybrid electric cars: A qualitative analysis of responses and evaluations

Plug-in electric vehicles can potentially emit substantially lower CO₂ emissions than internal combustion engine vehicles, and so have the potential to reduce transport emissions without curtailing personal car use. Assessing the potential uptake of these new categories of vehicles requires an understanding of likely consumer responses. Previous in-depth explorations of appraisals and evaluations of electric vehicles have tended to focus on ‘early adopters’, who may not represent mainstream consumers. This paper reports a qualitative analysis of responses to electric cars, based on semi-structured interviews conducted with 40 UK non-commercial drivers (20 males, 20 females; age 24-70 years) at the end of a seven-day period of using a battery electric car (20 participants) or a plug-in hybrid car (20 participants). Six core categories of response were identified: (1) cost minimisation; (2) vehicle confidence; (3) vehicle adaptation demands; (4) environmental beliefs; (5) impression management; and, underpinning all other categories, (6) the perception of electric cars generally as ‘work in progress’ products. Results highlight potential barriers to the uptake of current-generation (2010) plug-in electric cars by mainstream consumers. These include the prioritization of personal mobility needs over environmental benefits, concerns over the social desirability of electric vehicle use, and the expectation that rapid technological and infrastructural developments will make current models obsolete. Implications for the potential uptake of future electric vehicles are discussed.     

加强技术创新产品开发实现跨越式发展

２０００年７月３日，长春汽车研究所建成５０周年，５０年来，研究所始终坚持技术进步，不断创新，使产品开发实现了跨越式发展，为一汽产品一直保持高的市场竞争力奠定了坚实的技术基础，介绍了一汽产品的更新换代情况、ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＥ／ＣＡＭ一体化进程及产品试验手段、试制技术的扩展与提高情况。     

虚拟产品开发技术及其在舰船建造中的应用

介绍了关于虚拟产品开发（ＶＰＤ）技术的模拟和虚拟现实、虚拟产品数据和ＳＴＥＰ标准、并行工程的ＣＡＸ集成系统和虚拟产品开发系统及技术、ＶＰＤ技术应用层次等概念。在分析了ＶＰＤ技术在国内外舰船建造中应用的情况后,提出了促进ＶＰＤ技术在我国舰船建造中的应用建议。     

铁路产品认证实施规则的研究

结合我国铁路产品认证制度及认证要求的发展变化,介绍目前铁路产品认证实施规则的基本结构组成和编制铁路产品认证实施规则遵循的基本要求、编写方法。重点研究我国铁路转变管理方式后,第1批采信目录共计242种产品认证实施规则的编制过程,指出编制过程中遇到的主要技术问题,探索适合我国铁路产品的认证实施规则结构模式。     

铁路货车配件产品i认证过程中有关检验问题的探讨

介绍铁路货车配件产品认证现状及其涉及的入厂检验、现场见证检验、型式检验、出厂检验和常规检验。结合已经开展的51种货车配件的产品认证工作,就生产企业检验的执行与检验文件规定的一致性、认证机构对检验项目的选择等方面展开探讨,并提出建议。