情境教学法在英语教学中的应用

为了促进英语教学和学习,在中国的某些大学,情境教学法已被采用。相关资料表明,情境教学法在国外的运用已经取得了一定的成绩,它有着许多优点,比如说它能激发学生的英语学习兴趣,能活跃课堂气氛等。本文将仔细分析情境教学法在大学英语教育中的应用,寻找出该教学法适用的操作模式以及注意事项。     

Assessment of product debundling trends in the US airline industry: Customer service and public policy implications

This paper reviews product debundling trends that have occurred in the US airline industry. Multiple sources of ancillary fees related to ticketing refunds and exchanges, checked baggage, on-board pets, preferred and/or advanced seating assignments, frequent flyer ticket redemptions, and day of departure standby policies are reviewed. Despite the fact that both low cost and network carriers stress the importance of future ancillary fees in their investor reports, our assessment suggests that these fees will be more broadly adopted by low cost carriers. We anticipate that many network carriers will eliminate ancillary fees, particularly as they begin to recognize how these fees can impact other system performance objectives such as minimizing the number of misconnecting passengers. We estimate that the debundling phenomenon has diluted revenues to the US Airport and Airways Trust Fund by at least 5%.     

制造业PDM技术的正确应用

介绍PDM技术在扬州亚星客车股份有限公司的应用与实施。     

大规模定制的汽车底盘产品族建模方法研究

在建立汽车底盘产品的客户需求层次分析模型的基础上,论述应用层次分析法确定客户需求权重的方法和过程,以客户需求为依据拟定底盘产品系列型谱。在构建底盘功能体系结构的同时,将产品的功能域与产品物理域映射方法及产品子功能相关性计算、判断方法应用于底盘产品。确定底盘产品的模块划分方案并建立底盘产品族结构模型。     

Why early adopters engage in interpersonal diffusion of technological innovations: An empirical study on electric bicycles and electric scooters

Early adopters promoting electric vehicles in their social network may speed up market uptake of this technology. Apart from their opinion leader status, few previous research details the motivations which turn early adopters into advocates for innovation who approach the non-adopters among their family and friends, or casual acquaintances.Drawing on a survey among 1398 e-bike and 133 e-scooter early adopters in Austria, personal drivers of engagement in interpersonal diffusion are investigated. Longitudinal data one year later for 157 e-bike users allows tests of causal relations. A complementary sample of 33 network peers illustrates the early adopters’ social impact.Early adopters engage actively in discussing product features, instigating trial behavior and recommending purchase. Analyses by structural equation modeling show that efforts at interpersonal diffusion are driven by opinion leadership, experienced product performance, and perceived normative expectations of others toward pro-environmental technologies. Mediator and moderator analyses underline that opinion leadership is conveyed upon early adopters because personal norms and technophilia qualify them as credible and competent for the specific topic of e-vehicles. Social norm interrelations point to dynamic interactions and discourse between early adopters and their addressees. Evidence from the peer sample suggests though that the persuasive impact of early adopters is small.To accelerate market entry of electric vehicles, public or private agencies should foremost approach early adopters scoring high in the identified drivers, and empower them in their role as multiplicators by providing pre-prepared product information and encouraging them to continuously address peers.     

Organizational adoption behavior of CO2-saving power train technologies: An empirical study on the German heavy-duty vehicles market

This study analyzes the preference structure of buyer groups that influences their willingness to select CO₂-saving power train technologies for medium-duty and heavy-duty vehicles (HDV). Based on the Technology–Organization–Environment framework for organizational adoption decision making and organizational buying criteria a theoretical construct was developed. Variables were validated in exploratory preliminary research and subsequently tested based on factor analysis using 27 survey items in a quantitative web-based study among 177 organizations operating HDV in Germany. Knowledge, experience, use and purchase consideration concerning alternative power train technologies and further measures to reduce fuel consumption were additionally queried. Based on a multiple linear regression analysis, key findings show that at the current stage of market maturity environmental attitude and corporate social responsibility exert the strongest significant influence on willingness to select CO₂-saving power train technologies. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed six customer groups in order to yield behavioral market segmentation. Hereby it is shown that the performed transportation tasks do not determine the preference structures. Early adopting organizations are larger than average and driven by non-economic aspects as image or corporate social responsibility, whereas the mass market awaits lower purchasing prices. Crossing this chasm will be a major challenge for policymaker and manufacturers.     

新的领导干部政绩考核机制下的职业教育发展

新制订的领导干部政绩考核机制将为我国经济发展方式的转变提供新的动力,促进经济与社会的协调均衡发展。基于职业教育对于经济社会积极的贡献,文中阐述了新的政绩考核机制与职业教育之间的关系,认为新的政绩考核机制对职业教育有着积极的促进作用,同时指出政府需要承担更多的社会责任,加大职业教育的投入,构建不同教育间相互衔接和贯通的通道,积极推进校企合作,增强制度保障能力和政策配套能力,提升职业教育的地位。本文为政府相关部门和职业院校发展职业教育提供可借鉴的思路和建议。     

Incentives for promoting Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) adoption in Norway

Norway has become a global forerunner in the field of electromobility and the BEV market share is far higher than in any other country. One likely reason for this is strong incentives for promoting purchase and ownership of BEVs. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of incentives for promoting BEVs, and to determine what incentives are critical for deciding to buy a BEV and what groups of buyers respond to different types of incentives. The questions are answered with data from a survey among nearly 3400 BEV owners in Norway.Exemptions from purchase tax and VAT are critical incentives for more than 80% of the respondents. This is very much in line with previous research, which suggests that up-front price reduction is the most powerful incentive in promoting EV adoption. To a substantial number of BEV owners, however, exemption from road tolling or bus lane access is the only decisive factor.Analyses show that there are clear delineations between incentive groups, both in terms of age, gender, and education. Income is a less prominent predictor, which probably results from the competitive price of BEVs in the Norwegian market. Perhaps most interesting is the assumed relation between incentives and character of transport systems the respondents engage in.     

Market dynamics and indirect network effects in electric vehicle diffusion

The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is studied in a two-sided market framework consisting of EVs on the one side and EV charging stations (EVCSs) on the other. A sequential game is introduced as a model for the interactions between an EVCS investor and EV consumers. A consumer chooses to purchase an EV or a conventional gasoline alternative based on the upfront costs of purchase, the future operating costs, and the availability of charging stations. The investor, on the other hand, maximizes his profit by deciding whether to build charging facilities at a set of potential EVCS sites or to defer his investments.The solution of the sequential game characterizes the EV-EVCS market equilibrium. The market solution is compared with that of a social planner who invests in EVCSs with the goal of maximizing the social welfare. It is shown that the market solution underinvests EVCSs, leading to slower EV diffusion. The effects of subsidies for EV purchase and EVCSs are also considered.     

解析后气囊减震器结构原理及漏油问题

后气囊减震器以其独特的外观造型、新颖美观及结构多样,成为应用于摩托车上的一大靓点和卖点,逐步得到了消费者的欢迎和认可。由于后气囊减震器开发应用时间短,技术不太成熟和完善,特别是国内品牌及合资品牌还很少使用,依然处于后气囊减震器的应用初级阶段。通过对后气囊减震器使用过程中存在的漏油问题进行解析,有效利用后气囊减震器新颖独特的外观造型和优越的减振性能,取长补短,完善了制造技术,降低了产品故障率,以逐步适应市场需求。