Overview of public transport policy developments in South Africa

Public transport in South Africa is one of the most burning issues in the transport sector. The government is faced with huge public pressure to improve public transport systems in the face of rising fuel costs, the pending implementation of expensive urban toll road systems in the Gauteng province, and elsewhere in urban environments, public transport safety issues, public transport fleet renewal, especially the commuter rail services, as well as limited resources to fund public transport. As a developing country, the South African Government has pressing funding issues such as funds needed to improve housing for the poor to improve schooling and public health services. Government is also faced with a vocal minibus taxi industry that transports an estimated 65% of all commuters in the country that is also insisting on subsidies for its services.     

典型地铁站台射频天线电磁暴露安全评估

为有效评估典型地铁站台射频天线对乘客电磁暴露的安全性,设计地铁站台无线通信系统吸顶天线和乘客人体模型,利用基于有限元的电磁仿真软件,构建吸顶天线辐射下的地铁站台乘客候车电磁环境模型,研究候车乘客的公众电磁暴露问题。结果表明:天线分别工作在900和2 440 MHz时,人体组织的平均比吸收率最大值分别为4.441×10-7和1.165×10^-6W·kg^-1,电场强度最大值分别为0.139和0.148V·m^-1,平均比吸收率在人体组织内的衰减均大于电场强度的衰减;2 440MHz时的射频电磁能量在颅内的穿透能力小于900MHz时;所有计算值均低于国际非电离辐射委员会制定的公众电磁暴露限值,说明地铁站台射频天线对乘客的电磁暴露不会构成健康威胁。     

高速公路养护费用收支测算模型的研究与建立

针对国内高速公路养护费用测算现状和存在的问题,建立养护费用收支测算模型,通过综合各种影响因素计算出其加权系数,进而得出收支比,最后结合实例,使该模型的实用性得到验证。     

公交服务水平评价的Fuzzy Logic模型

本文在充分考虑评价对象的复杂性和评价指标的模糊性的基础上,提出了城市公交服务水平的多目标、多级综合评判方法的Fuzzy Logic模型。该模型通过熵权法确定指标权重,有效避免因个人主观因素对参数指标权重的影响,避免了传统评价方法的主观片面性。最后以某市公共交通为例,依据实际运营资料,提出评价指标体系,并利用已建立的模型进行了案例分析,分析模型的正确枉及评价方法的可行性,效果良好。     

进一步改进交通法则 解决城市交通问题

在城市交通流的管理过程中,本文引入“交通流重新排队”和“公共交通排队优先”两种管理模 式。在交通管理信号的红灯时间段,实现交通流重新排队。在这一重新排队过程中,公共交通有优先权。这 就产生了一种新的交通管理信号法则——公共交通优先通行法则。公共交通优先通行法则,指挥公共交通优 先通行,同时通过对配时时刻的调整,抑制非公...     

基于客观测度与主观估算的出行疲劳研究

出行舒适度是影响交通方式选择的要素之一,但由于缺少合理的量化方法,其评价长期停滞于定性描述,难以科学反映不同交通方式的服务水平差异。就典型出行环节进行疲劳测定实验,采集不同情况下出行者在单位时间内的客观体能消耗及其对出行疲劳的主观感受;采用自由模量幅度估计估算出行疲劳的主观感受,并与客观体能消耗进行对比。结果显示,车辆行进方式、乘车姿势、乘客负重、车内拥挤程度等均对体能消耗有显著影响,且客观体能消耗与主观感受之间存在显著差异。最后,利用实验结果以北京市和中山市为例进行案例分析,结果表明,在交通方式选择过程中,体能消耗对出行者产生的影响不亚于出行时耗。     

西宁市实施公交优先措施的探讨

随着西宁市交通需求的增加和交通问题的日益突出,优先发展公共交通已经成为交通发展的必然选择。本文主要分析了西宁市公共交通发展的现状及存在的问题,探讨了西宁市实施公交优先发展的建议与增强公交吸引力的措施。     

混合动力--未来城市公交的明星动力

本文阐述了目前国内外混合动力总成常用的几种方案,介绍了一种适合康明斯发动机的混合动力方案,展望了该动力总成的开发前景。     

城乡公交统筹发展策略研究

在阐述我国城乡公交统筹发展必要性的基础上,着重分析了目前城乡客运体系发展差距的症结所在,解析城乡公交统筹发展的内涵,以管理体制、政策法规、站场设施、市场建设4个方面的统筹为切入点,探讨了我国城乡公交统筹发展的具体策略。     

The effects of information bias and riding frequency on noise annoyance to a new railway extension in Hong Kong

We investigate how two non-acoustic factors, information bias and riding frequency, can affect the annoyance response of an urban population to noise created by a new railway line. The study shows that information bias is asymmetrical. Respondents receiving only information on positive measures taken by the authority to reduce noise emission are more tolerant of the noise impact, but those receiving only critical views tend to be more annoyed because they feel that not all measures to reduce noise have been employed. Additionally people who use the line frequently are more tolerant to the noise impact than those who do not. Information bias seems to have a temporary masking effect over riding frequency lasting for a few weeks after railway opening. This suggest that whilst free flow of information provided by the authority can help alleviate annoyance response, encouraging the people affected to make use of the new infrastructure may be useful to reduce public resistance and noise annoyance.