Human resources in the mixed ownership reform of Chinese ports: the mediating effects of organizational commitment

In the process of the change to mixed ownership of Chinese ports, the allocation of human resources has become increasingly important because of the workforce’s growing concerns regarding losses of benefits. The mediating effect of organizational commitment in the relationship between person-organization fit and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can provide a significant reference for port managers and regulators, i.e., the government, regarding the framework of human resource systems. The data examined in this study were collected from three Chinese ports (Qingdao Port, Yantai Port and Rizhao Port) that are in the process of changing to mixed ownership. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the hypotheses. The results show that it is extremely difficult for groups with vested interests in Chinese ports to achieve consistency fit in the short term and to accept potential losses. Moreover, it is imperative to adopt a scientific and efficient person-organization fit mechanism and personnel system to achieve a higher level of fit.     

幼儿群体单向流运动行为特性分析

现有关于行人群体运动行为的研究和规范绝大部分是以成年人群为主体的研究，关于儿童群体的理论及实验研究非常匮乏，在进行儿童群集运动管理及幼儿相关步行设施设计时往往需要参考以成年人群为主体所获得的理论及经验数据。本文组织了不同情境下(正常情况及应急疏散)幼儿群体的运动实验，通过实验数据对幼儿群体单向流运动的流密速关系、速度离散性、个体超越行为等基本特性进行了定量研究，并和成年人群的相关特性进行比较分析。实验结果表明，幼儿群体单向流的流(速)密关系呈现一种弥散性的分布，其速度的变异系数接近成年人的4~6 倍；此外，相比于成年人群中所表现出的秩序性，幼儿在单向流运动过程中更倾向于发生超越行为，其在通道中的平均位次变化强度接近成年人实验的3倍。本文研究成果有助于进一步了解幼儿群体单向流运动的基本特性，厘清幼儿与成年人群体的行为特性差异，以更好地指导幼儿群集运动的管理，以及为幼儿相关步行设施的设计和评估提供参考。     

The built environment and travel behavior in urban China: A literature review

Interests in studying of the built environment impacts on travel behavior have proliferated from North America to other parts of the world including China. Until very recently, there has been very little research into travel behavior in China. However, during the last decade, there has been a fast growing interest in studying the built environment and travel behavior in Chinese cities, perhaps motivated by China’s unprecedented urbanization and rapid urban transport development. Case studies from China provide new insights into the impacts of built environment on travel behavior that can help to enrich existing scholarship. However, currently there is a generally poor understanding of the role played by Chinese research and how it has enriched the international literature. This paper aims to fill this gap by reviewing studies in and outside China by both Chinese and non-Chinese scholars. The focus is on the contribution of these studies to the international literature. We identify four areas of contribution: how the built environment has been developed and its implications for travel behavior; the importance of housing sources in defining residential built environment and explaining travel behavior; the unique Danwei (or work unit) perspective on jobs-housing relationships and commuting behavior; and the importance of neighborhood types in explaining travel behavior in Chinese cities. The findings from this review should be relevant for researchers interested in developing future studies that will further advance geographic knowledge of the built environment and travel behavior, specifically in China and with broader global contexts.     

冰雪条件下中国驾驶员跟驰行为及模型研究

分析驾驶员在冰雪条件下的驾驶行为特性，建立考虑驾驶员行为特性的跟驰模型，有助于丰富现有交通流理论.通过招募驾驶员开展实车跟驰试验，对比分析正常条件与冰雪条件下的驾驶行为差异.进而基于任务难度均衡理论构建包含人类因素参数的任务难度模块，引入改进后的智能驾驶员模型，并采用车辆轨迹数据对模型进行标定和有效性验证.研究表明：驾驶员在跟驰行驶过程中受外界刺激及自身驾驶能力影响时会对车辆行驶状态进行动态调整，试图保持期望间距，且速度与前车一致的状态；冰雪条件下驾驶员采取风险补偿行为，其车头时距波动幅度较正常条件收窄，模型引入人类因素参数可以较好地描述其差异性. 模型有效性验证表明，新模型在6个仿真场景中的表现都优于传统智能驾驶员模型，且表现出更好的鲁棒性.研究结果可为冰雪条件下的交通管理措施制定提供理论支持.     

双弧型横向钢阻尼装置试验研究与应用分析

以商合杭客运专线颍上特大桥为工程背景,对双弧型横向钢阻尼装置的应用性能进行了试验研究.结果表明:双弧型横向钢阻尼装置具有较好的滞回特性,应用双弧型横向钢阻尼装置可以降低桥梁横桥向1阶频率,减小桥梁横向地震力,提高桥梁的抗震性能,但并未改变桥梁的振型特征.     

驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型

为准确模拟驾驶人跟车行为，提出基于隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model，HMM)的驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型。建立描述驾驶意愿的HMM模型，模拟驾驶人感知过程，获得期望的车间距；预测模块模拟驾驶人根据交通环境和自身生理、心理状态预测车辆未来轨迹，即决策过程；优化模块描述驾驶人为使预测的车辆轨迹跟踪上期望的车辆间距而采取的操控汽车的执行动作，即操控过程。上述3个模块的滚动过程实现了对驾驶人跟车行为的模拟。利用自然驾驶数据进行算例分析，结果表明，本文模型预测车间距平均误差仅为1.47%，证明了所建模型的有效性及准确性。本文为驾驶行为建模方法的理论研究和应用拓宽了思路。     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of bending behavior of unbonded flexible risers

This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on bending properties of unbonded flexible risers. To capture nonlinearities in layer's sliding, the stress component due to slip-stick behavior is considered and energy conservation principle considering sliding-caused heat consumption is employed in the analytical model. Besides, a finite element model estimating mechanics of unbonded flexible risers' bending is proposed. In the finite element model, couplings between bending moment–curvature and axial stress as well as contact interaction among layers and tendons have been considered. The theoretical and numerical results were validated against the corresponding experimental data in literature and mutually compared in analyzing nonlinear bending behavior of flexible risers. Moreover, the impacts of axisymmetric loads on riser's bending behavior have been further investigated.     

IPO择时行为对资本结构的影响分析

基于资本结构的市场时机选择理论,本文以2006-2010年沪深两市IPO公司为研究对象,建立实证分析模型,研究IPO市场时机选择行为对资本结构的影响。实证结果表明沪市不存在明显的IPO择时行为,而深市较为明显,且此行为对资本结构构有长期影响,但其影响力有限,不及传统因素。     

复合主拱圈加固石拱桥力学性态分析

从复合主拱圈加固石拱桥加固前后力学性态的角度,结合具体的实际加固工程,对加固前后主拱圈截面内力进行计算,阐述主拱圈截面强度和整体"强度-稳定"性提高率,验算新旧拱圈结合面抗剪承载力和新增结构对原结构的影响,提出一项基于承载力提高率的加固增强总体效果评价指标,以期对石拱桥加固设计方案比选、加固质量评定有一定的积极指导作用。     

高强次轻混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过高强次轻混凝土梁的抗弯试验,对高强次轻混凝土梁的极限抗弯承载力、荷载-挠度曲线、延性和裂缝进行了分析,结果表明:与同等强度的轻集料混凝土梁相比,次轻混凝土梁具有较高的刚度,但略小于普通混凝土梁;使用荷载作用下次轻混凝土梁的挠度和裂缝宽度都满足正常使用极限状态的要求.次轻混凝土梁在破坏时都表现出较好的延性.