网络CORS和RTK三维水深测量在内陆超长航道中的应用

限于项目成本、作业环境、作业时间和社会资源配置等因素的制约,内河测绘多以传统测绘方法为主。针对施测线路长、控制测量技术复杂、水位比降大、作业点分散等问题,对内陆超长航道的控制测量和水深测量方法进行研究。采用网络CORS进行图根控制测量,可以得到精确的坐标并直接用于基准站进行发射;采用RTK三维水深测量可以消除动吃水以及波浪等因素影响,避免由于潮位观测带来的水位修正误差。该方法与传统测绘方法进行对比,精度满足规范要求,方法准确可靠,可以提高工作效率、节约成本,为内陆河道测量的顺利实施提供参考和帮助。     

透水框架群促淤护滩效果研究Ⅱ:分层分时施工

透水框架群在航道整治护滩工程中常采用一次性施工到位的方式。这种施工方式不能充分利用透水框架的高度,会造成透水框架群堆积高度不理想。提出利用先期实施1～2层透水框架群淤积后的地形,再实施1～2层透水框架群,即分层分时实施透水框架群的施工方式。水槽概化试验表明,分层分时实施透水框架群可充分利用先期实施后淤积的地形,达到理想的堆积高度,从而有效提高透水框架群的促淤效果。     

长江下游高港边滩演变趋势及其对深水航道的影响

随着长江南京以下12. 5 m深水航道落成洲和鳗鱼沙两个浅滩治理工程的实施,高港浅区段的外部条件发生变化。通过河床演变分析和数值模拟等方法预测10年末高港河段的航道通航条件,分析高港边滩演变趋势及对深水航道通航的影响。研究结果表明:未来扬中河段的河势基本稳定,高港边滩不会大幅度淤涨,也不易冲刷消失;高港边滩段中上段的航道条件能满足深水航道通航条件,高港边滩下段存在轻微碍航情况。     

岷江下游霸王滩滩险整治技术

岷江下游河段为天然航道,其具有典型的山区河流特征,碍航特性极其复杂,加之河道历年来受挖砂采石影响,航道条件严重恶化。针对该段航道中霸王滩弯、急、浅、险的碍航问题,采用平面二维水流数学模型,在碍航特性及滩险成因分析的基础上,从通航水流改善程度、挖槽稳定性以及船舶自航上滩等方面进行多组方案的比选和优化,确定较为合理的整治方案,同时提出山区河流类似滩险的整治原则、理念及对应措施。结果表明,修改方案1-1的总体整治效果较好,工程量较其他方案小,为推荐的整治方案。     

闽江水口至淮安段航道整治工程设计研究

通过对水口～淮安段实测资料和动床模型试验成果的分析,探讨该河段河床演变特征,提出该河段整治原则和合理的整治方案。     

可持续发展战略与我国内河航运(下)

文章根据专题调查,结合我国经济建设必须坚持可持续发展战略,就内河航运的地位和作用,水资源的综合利用及内河航运体制等问题从参政议政角度提出书面政策建议。     

三峡库区河口治理方案探讨

在分析研究三峡成库后对河口航道的影响及存在的问题和以往三峡库区河口研究资料的基础上 ,针对处于三峡工程回水变动区上、中、下各段及常年回水区的主要库区河口 ,探讨了相应的河口航道治理方案 ,可供今后工程实施时参考     

基于数字图像处理的航道电子地图设计

针对内河航运的特点,提出应用数字图像处理技术,进行内河航道矢量化电子地图设计和制作的方法。该方法采用领域平均滤波和航道曲线插值拟合等算法,按照＂点线面＂三个图层采集航道地理信息数据,自动形成矢量化的航道地理信息数据库。在此基础上,建立了珠江三角洲内河航道电子地图开发系统,并完成了珠三角航道电子地图的矢量化和地理信息的数据采集。试验结果表明,所开发的珠三角航道电子地图,精度良好,界面友好,运算效率高,数据库的更新和维护简便,满足内河船舶监控的实际应用要求。     

Tectonically active sediment dispersal system in SW Taiwan margin with emphasis on the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon

The sediment dispersal system in southwestern Taiwan margin consists of two main parts: the subaerial drainage basin and the offshore receiving marine basin. In plan view, this sediment dispersal system can be further divided into five geomorphic units: (1) the Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) River drainage basin, (2) the Gaoping (Kaoping) Shelf, (3) the Gaoping (Kaoping) Slope, (4) the Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon and (5) the Manila Trench in the northernmost South China Sea. The Gaoping River drainage basin is a small (3250 km²), tectonically active and overfilled foreland basin, receiving sediments derived from the uprising Central Range of Taiwan with a maximum elevation of 3952 m. The Gaoping Submarine Canyon begins at the mouth of the Gaoping River, crosses the narrow Gaoping Shelf (~ 10 km) and the Gaoping Slope, and finally merges into the northern termination of the Manila Trench over a distance of ~ 260 km. The SW Taiwan margin dispersal system is characterized by a direct river-canyon connection with a narrow shelf and frequent episodic sediment discharge events in the canyon head.In a regional source to sink scheme, the Gaoping River drainage basin is the primary source area, the Gaoping Shelf being the sediment bypass zone and the Gaoping Slope being the temporary sink and the Manila Trench being the ultimate sink of the sediment from the Taiwan orogen. It is inferred from seismic data that the outer shelf and upper slope region can be considered as a line source for mass wasting deposits delivered to the lower Gaoping Slope where small depressions between diapiric ridges are partially filled with sediment or are empty.At present, recurrent hyperpycnal flows during the flood seasons are temporarily depositing sediments mainly derived from the Gaoping River in the head of the Gaoping Submarine Canyon. On the decadal and century timescales, sediments temporarily stored in the upper reach are removed over longer timescales probably by downslope-eroding sediment flows within the canyon. Presently, the Gaoping Submarine Canyon serves as the major conduit for transporting terrestrial sediment from the Taiwan orogen to the marine sink of the Manila Trench. Seismic data indicate that the Gaoping Submarine Canyon has been eroding the Gaoping Slope intensely by presumed hyperpycnal flows and transporting sediments from the canyon head to the middle and lower reaches of the canyon. The middle reach is a sediment bypass zone whereas the lower reach serves as either a temporary sediment sink or a sediment conduit, depending on relative prevalence to deposition or erosion during canyon evolution. Contrast differences in channel gradient and travel length between the Gaoping and Amazon sediment dispersal systems suggest that the Gaoping (Kaoping) River-Canyon system is an active sediment dispersal system for transporting terrestrial materials to the deep sea. The fate of the Gaoping River sediment is the northern Manila Trench.     

导流墩对狭窄连续弯道枢纽船闸引航道口门区水流条件改善规律研究*

依托湘江土谷塘航电枢纽工程,采用整体水工模型试验,着重介绍利用导流墩改善狭窄连续弯道枢纽船闸下游引航道口门区通航水流条件的研究成果.根据试验观测到的数据和水流现象,分析导流墩不同平面布置形式,包括导流墩数量、导流墩间距以及导流墩布置角度对口门内斜流角度、横向流速及回流等水力参数的影响,总结导流墩平面布置形式对狭窄连续弯道枢纽船闸下游引航道口门区水流条件的改善规律.