CTCS-2级列控系统临时限速车尾保持存在的问题及对策

主要针对CTCS-2级列车运行控制系统,临时限速下达和执行中存在的关于车尾保持问题进行分析,并提出解决和处理方案。     

TDCS车站及基层信息采集系统典型故障分析及改进建议

TDCS系统在行车过程中的作用非常重要,对TDCS车站及基层信息采集系统结构进行介绍,并对典型故障分析总结,以加强管理并优化现有设备,压缩故障延时,提高设备可靠性。     

盾构施工工艺对铁路路基沉降影响的数值分析

以福州市轨道交通1号线下穿福州火车站铁路工程为依托,采用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件对双线盾构隧道进行分步施工模拟,揭示主要施工参数对路基沉降的影响规律。分析表明:路基预加固能有效减少下穿过程中路基的沉降量;土舱压力采用1.2~1.5倍土压力、注浆压力采用1.1~1.2倍土体自重应力对减少路基沉降效果较好;保证盾尾注浆率对减少路基沉降影响有显著效果。     

Simple analytical models for estimating the queue lengths from probe vehicles at traffic signals

As mobile traffic sensor technology gets more attention, mathematical models are being developed that utilize this new data type in various intelligent transportation systems applications. This study introduces simple analytical estimation models for queue lengths from tracked or probe vehicles at traffic signals using stochastic modeling approach. Developed models estimate cycle-to-cycle queue lengths by using primary parameters such as arrival rate, probe vehicle proportions, and signal phase durations. Valuable probability distributions and moment generating functions for probe information types are formulated. Fully analytical closed-form expressions are given for the case ignoring the overflow queue and approximation models are presented for the overflow case. Derived models are compared with the results from VISSIM-microscopic simulation. Analytical steady-state and cycle-to-cycle estimation errors are also derived. Numerical examples are shown for the errors of these estimators that change with probe vehicle market penetration levels, arrival rates, and volume-to-capacity ratios.     

信号交叉口车辆拖延行为分析

在分析HCM2000 Back of Queue模型计算值偏大的原因中,提出了信号交叉口车辆拖延行为的概念,分析了拖延行为导致Back of Queue模型偏大的2种情况。建立了车辆拖延行为3阶段模型,重点推导了拖延行为模型中,低匀速行驶的时间与不发生拖延行为的正常状况下的停车等待时间之间的关系。根据统计分析,确定低匀速行驶的速度和时间的取值范围,在此基础上推导出车辆发生拖延行为的最大时间间隔Tmax,以及车辆发生拖延行为的条件。讨论了Tmax在考虑拖延行为的排队模型中的应用,是对考虑拖延行为的Back of Queue模型研究的进一步深化。     

水底大型泥水盾构盾尾密封失效的应对技术

水底大型盾构法隧道常因地层透水性强、水压高而采用泥水平衡盾构机施工,盾尾密封失效事故发生概率较低,但一旦发生其后果较为严重,甚至是灾难性的,风险等级评价为3C,即三级需要决策采取措施的风险。针对杭州市庆春路过江隧道盾构掘进过程中盾尾密封失效导致漏水漏浆的险情,分析了其盾尾密封失效的原因,研究提出了大型泥水盾构盾尾密封失效情况下采用液氮冷冻措施形成盾尾冻土环帷幕止水,在冻土帷幕止水保护下对盾尾管片拆、复拼并检查、更换、增补盾尾刷综合治理技术,经工程实践证明该技术是安全、有效、合理的。     

岩溶区盾构带压开仓掌子面加固关键技术研究

针对盾构过岩溶区带压开仓常规加固所存在的弊端,以深圳地铁16号线龙龙区间为背景,研究注浆加固关键技术。通过试验配制具有一定胶凝性能的快凝低强度浆液,并利用研制的可伸缩液压注浆装置,将浆液直接快速输送至地层薄弱点,使其渗入掌子面岩土裂隙,实现掌子面整体加固、阻断外部来水和密封土仓高压气,快速稳固刀盘、土仓土体,同时做好盾尾止水,保证换刀安全。该方法与常规衡盾泥加固相比,经济效益显著,对复合地层、富水砂层、软塑或流塑性地层等不良地质中盾构带压开仓具有重要指导意义。     

基于3D摄影测量盾尾质量检测技术

为保证盾构施工安全,防止盾尾在施工过程中漏浆,施工前须对盾尾圆度进行检测。通过对3D摄影测量检测系统测量设备、测量原理及方法进行阐述,并通过实例对盾尾各部分相对于标准设计图形的具体偏差进行分析。主要结论如下:1)采用3D摄影测量新技术,能快速、准确地检测出盾尾圆度;2)3D摄影测量技术方法在盾尾质量检测上的成功应用,为盾构等重大装备构件尺寸误差质量比对提供了一种新方法。     

Arterial travel time estimation based on vehicle re-identification using wireless magnetic sensors

A practical system is described for the real-time estimation of travel time across an arterial segment with multiple intersections. The system relies on matching vehicle signatures from wireless sensors. The sensors provide a noisy magnetic signature of a vehicle and the precise time when it crosses the sensors. A match (re-identification) of signatures at two locations gives the corresponding travel time of the vehicle. The travel times for all matched vehicles yield the travel time distribution. Matching results can be processed to provide other important arterial performance measures including capacity, volume/capacity ratio, queue lengths, and number of vehicles in the link. The matching algorithm is based on a statistical model of the signatures. The statistical model itself is estimated from the data, and does not require measurement of ‘ground truth’. The procedure does not require measurements of signal settings; in fact, signal settings can be inferred from the matched vehicle results. The procedure is tested on a 1.5 km (0.9 mile)-long segment of San Pablo Avenue in Albany, CA, under different traffic conditions. The segment is divided into three links: one link spans four intersections, and two links each span one intersection.     

Catching the tail: Empirical identification of the distribution of the value of travel time

Recent methodological advances in discrete choice analysis in combination with certain stated choice experiments have allowed researchers to check empirically the identification of the distribution of latent variables such as the value of travel time (VTT). Lack of identification is likely to be common and the consequences are severe. E.g., the Danish value of time study found the 15% right tail of the VTT distribution to be unidentified, making it impossible to estimate the mean VTT without resorting to strong assumptions with equally strong impact on the resulting estimate. This paper analyses data generated from a similar choice experiment undertaken in Sweden during 2007-2008 in which the range of trade-off values between time and money was significantly increased relative to the Danish experiment. The results show that this change allowed empirical identification of effectively the entire VTT distribution. In addition to informing the design of future choice experiments, the results are also of interest as a validity test of the stated choice methodology. Failure in identifying the right tail of the VTT would have made it difficult to maintain that respondents’ behaviour is consistent with utility maximisation in the sense intended by the experimenter.