汽车企业RD数据质量的提升方法

提高科技统计数据的质量,就要保证R＆D数据的准确性、及时性、完整性和适用性.R＆D数据质量的准确度,直接影响着科技统计工作的成效,对科技决策和科技创新有着不可估量的影响.文章归纳了影响R＆D数据质量的因素,针对汽车企业R＆D数据采集现状及存在的问题,提出提高科技统计数据质量的途径,并举例说明判断数据属性的概念,同时阐述了数据折算的方法和理论依据.     

Increasing urban tram system efficiency,with battery storage and electric vehicle charging

This paper examines the possible placement of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) on an urban tram system for the purpose of exploring potential increases in operating efficiency through the examination of different locations for battery energy storage. Further, the paper suggests the utilisation of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries at existing Park and Ride (P&R) sites as a means of achieving additional energy storage at these locations. The study achieves this through MATLAB modelling utilising captured GPS data and publically available information. This study examines the scenario of uni-directional substations with no interconnection between the overhead catenary for both directions of travel, and discusses the trade-offs between ESS size and required current limits.The results show the savings in both energy and basic CO₂ emissions alongside the discussion of Return on Investment (RoI) that can be achieved through the potential installation of ESS at identified ideal locations along the tram network. Moreover, this may be extended to the use of EVs as stationary ESS sited at the existing P&R facilities. Further, the model may also be used to inform future infrastructure upgrades and potential improvements to air quality within urban environments.     

浮动平均值在大变形隧道定额测定与分析中的应用

近年来,国内外对大变形段隧道在设计、施工技术方面的研究取得了一定的成果,例如兰渝、拉林等铁路项目均对高地应力大变形进行了研究,铁建设〔2007〕155号文也针对施工降效明确了定额增加幅度系数.但是在定额测定的过程中,由于隧道工程施工的复杂性和综合性,所需的施工组织模型原始现场数据数量极大,算数平均等方法求解的消耗量会因...     

预制钢筋混凝土结构在地震荷载下的往复荷载分析

为了研究预制钢筋混凝土工业结构的地震响应,根据欧洲研究课题组在最新的试验研究中所用的试验原型,建立了SAP2000模型来模拟试验过程.数值模拟将主要研究该结构在不同的地震强度下的往复荷载.数值分析表明,文中的分析模型和方法可以再现试验过程,具有较高的仿真精度,为SAP模型用于分析结构的地震响应提供了依据.     

ECE R58后下部防护认证装置统一规定的解读

为防止行驶中小车追尾大货车的情况发生,欧洲经济委员会对此做出了相关法律规定,即ECER58《后下部防护认证装置统一规定》。文章介绍了ECER58法规的内容和要求,描述了与此法规相关的加载试验内容和试验步骤,联系实际,对如何确保设计符合试验要求进行了相关说明。试验结果符合认证要求,为汽车后防护的设计安装和相关试验提供了参考。     

Bottleneck congestion pricing and modal split: Redistribution of toll revenue

The paper examines the question of the redistribution of toll revenue as seen in a bottleneck congestion model. Our objective is to analyse the impact of this redistribution on total cost and on modal split between railroad and road. Following Tabuchi’s two-mode model (Tabuchi, T., 1993. Bottleneck congestion and modal split. Journal of Urban Economics 34, 414-431.), we integrate a redistribution of toll revenue towards public transport into our study. In this context, we investigate two kinds of road toll regimes: a fine toll and a uniform toll. We will consider two types of railroad fare: when it is set equal to the marginal cost and when it is set equal to average cost. These models allow us to show that toll policy to be more efficient as long as toll revenue is directed towards public transport when the railroad fare is equal to average cost.     

汽车覆盖件试模调整问题

介绍了汽车覆盖件试模调整工艺和试模调整钳工与CAE/CAD/CAM/CAT的关系,以及高速雕刻机与压力机的精度及提高高速雕刻机加工精度的方法。对汽车覆盖件拉伸模、修边模(含冲孔)及翻边模(折边)等在试模调整工艺中出现的冲压件R角不良、回弹及翻边(折边)尺寸超差等问题,以及冲压生产操作性不良的情况进行了分析。指出了上述工艺问题的原因及现场整改需要调整钳工的直觉与现场试验来解决。     

许沟特大桥主拱结构徐变与收缩影响研究

针对许沟特大桥主跨220 m钢筋混凝土等截面悬链线箱形无铰拱,主拱圈采用支架上分层分段现浇施工方法属国内首创,混凝土徐变与收缩对主拱受力影响很大。通过建立合理的徐变与收缩数学模型和采用数值及有限元分析方法,研究了各加载工况下混凝土徐变、收缩对主拱主控截面内力与变形以及截面应力重分布的影响,分析了混凝土收缩对主拱圈分层浇注自应力的影响。研究结果为大桥预拱度设置及分段分层浇注方案制定和时间间隔控制提供了可靠的理论依据,并为同类桥梁的设计、施工提供借鉴指导。     

Impacts of trade liberalization on Chinese economy with Belt and Road initiative

China has been continuously implementing the open-door policy for past 15 years ever since it joined the World Trade Organization, which escalated international trade and demand for shipping. Compared with the other major importing countries in the world, China’s importing tariff is relatively low. Under the Belt and Road initiatives, more Free Trade Agreements to be concluded and more Free Trade Zones to be established, it is expected that the effective import tariff rate may continue to decrease in the future. This study analyses the impact of further reduction in Chinese import tariff rate on major economic indicators using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and based on the Chinese macro-economic data of 2012. The model results show that, with a balanced international payment, such a reduction can increase GDP, resident consumption, both imports and exports, and reduce GDP price, trade surplus, and government revenue. The results ease the concern that further import tariff reduction may harm the domestic production. Rather, it points out that there are still rooms to improve national economy and increase the consumer utility by trade liberation.     

影响轿车乘降性能主要因素

针对轿车在总布置基本尺寸及硬点的确认过程中,如何确保设计轿车具有较好的乘降陛能（出入车方便性）,文章从驾驶员和乘员与汽车门洞、座椅、方向盘、B柱、门槛及车门等方面阐述了进出车厢方便性能的主要因素及相关尺寸的设计控制方法,提出了一些供设计者参考的设计经验数值,指出任何尺寸定义都不能独立于其他尺寸或硬点的定义之外,要考虑造型、结构、安全及性能等方面要求。