快速公交系统通行能力研究

通行能力分析是快速公交系统规划、设计和优化的基础。基于GI/G/1排队论模型和车站有效停靠泊位数构建了快速公交系统通行能力计算方法,其参数设置涉及影响快速公交系统通行能力的各种因素。通过对北京、广州、厦门、郑州等多个中国城市快速公交系统运营状况的调查分析,对相关参数进行了标定,以使其反映中国各地快速公交系统运营实际。最后以广州、厦门、郑州三市的快速公交系统为例,对上述方法的应用进行说明。     

Light Rail Rapid Transit systems for more sustainable ground accessibility of airports

This paper investigates the potential of Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) to mitigate the environmental and social burden of ground access systems of an airport. This implies, on the one hand, LRRT's capability in mitigating externalities in terms of noise, air pollution/climate change, traffic incidents/accidents and congestion of airport ground access systems and, on the other, the provision of sufficient capacity to accommodate generally increasing volumes of both air passenger and airport employee demand by connecting the airport to its core catchment area. A methodology for assessing the capability of LRRT operating as an airport ground access system is developed. This methodology consists of models to analyze and predict demand and capacity for an LRRT system and models to quantify the externalities of particular airport ground access systems as well as assessing their prospective savings thanks to the introduction of an LRRT system. The methodology is applied to a large European airport – Amsterdam Schiphol (the Netherlands) – using a ‘what-if?’ scenario approach.     

A Modeling Framework for Bus Rapid Transit Operations Evaluation and Service Planning

Abstract

In this paper, we present a dynamic traffic assignment-simulation modeling framework (DYNASMART-P) to support the evaluation and planning of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) services in urban transportation networks. The model represents the different characteristics associated with BRT operations such as: exclusive right-of-way lanes, limited-stop service, signal prioritization at congested intersections, and enhanced bus stops to reduce passenger boarding times. A set of simulation experiments is conducted using the model to study the impact of introducing a hypothetical BRT service in the Knoxville area in the State of Tennessee. In these experiments, the different operational characteristics of BRT are evaluated in terms of potential impact on transit ridership and on the interacting auto traffic. The results illustrate the advantages of BRT for increasing transit ridership and improving overall system performance.     

A simulation of transit bus emissions along an urban corridor: Evaluating changes under various service improvement strategies

This study investigates the impacts of transit improvement strategies on bus emissions along a busy corridor in Montreal, Canada. The local transit provider, Société de Transport de Montréal, has implemented a number of strategies which include the use of smart cards, limited-stop (express bus) service, and reserved bus lanes along this corridor. Using data collected on-board for instantaneous speeds and stop-level ridership, we estimated bus emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants at three levels: road segment, bus-stop, and per passenger. A regression of segment-level emissions against a number of explanatory variables reveals that reserved bus lanes and express bus service reduce emissions significantly. On the other hand, smart card use reduces idling emissions compared to other fare payment methods. Our findings are of most relevance for transit planners who are seeking to implement different strategies to reduce emissions and improve transit performance.     

新形势下的基础设施投融资改革初探——城市轨道TOD实践带来的启示

基础设施项目建设对国民经济的拉动效应显而易见,轨道交通建设给城市发展带来更多的机遇和挑战。地方政府在轨道建设前期如何前瞻规划、统筹安排和有效整合沿线资源,探索适合的建设模式对实现项目的可持续发展至关重要。以深圳地铁6号线为例,借鉴香港"轨道+物业"轨道发展经验,通过优化轨道交通沿线土地利用布局和开发强度,实践轨道交通TOD开发模式。阐述城轨TOD与香港地铁"轨道+物业"的理念,分析香港地铁"轨道+物业"模式在大陆应用存在的问题,介绍"轨道+物业"理念在深圳地铁6号线规划研究中的应用成果,将"轨道+物业"的模式与传统模式进行对比,总结城市轨道交通TOD模式成功实施的重要条件。最后对国内城轨TOD成功实施提出一些建议:创新城市轨道交通沿线土地出让和储备机制,探索城市轨道交通和城市空间规划接驳机制,完善城市轨道交通管理体制机制,完善政策及技术规范支撑,加强法规制度保障等。     

北京地下直径线前三门隧道上跨地铁联络通道及电力隧道设计方案研究

为解决在特定的城市地下空间新建隧道施工影响既有地下结构安全的问题,以北京地下直径线前三门隧道上跨既有隧道工程为研究对象,提出"隔离桩保护,分步开挖"设计方案,模拟隧道分步开挖过程,计算隧道施工过程中联络通道的位移值。主要结论如下:隧道采用相应的保护措施和分步施工法是可行的,施工不会影响联络通道及电力隧道的结构性安全。     

基于快速公交（BRT）交叉口资源整合的信号优先算法研究

自2004年北京开通了我国首条城市快速公交（BRT）运营线路以来,至2012年底,全国城市快速公交（BRT）运营线路长度达1383公里,运营车辆达3975辆。而由于我国对快速公交（BRT）系统仍缺乏全面系统地了解,导致实际运营中,尤其是交叉口信号优先方面不能实现快速公交（BRT）服务效能最大化,因此有必要对其进行深入的研究。本文研究了基于快速公交（BRT）交叉口资源整合的信号优先算法,提出了建立模型的思想并构建了模型,同时,对建立的模型进行了验证。本研究对提高城市快速公交（BRT）运行效率和服务效能,方便乘客出行,减少环境污染等具有重要意义,从而可引导快速公交（BRT）系统为乘客提供更安全、更便捷地换乘服务。     

新型城镇化要求下的城市交通模式选择

党的十八大提出新型城镇化的发展战略,这也为城市交通的发展提出了更高的要求.未来中国城市交通发展模式及发展方向,值得认真思考和研究.本文介绍并比较了两种典型的城市交通模式,梳理中国目前面临的现状,提出中国要走新型城镇化道路,就必须选择TOD模式.最后根据国家城镇化战略,提出中小城市是关键,对中小城市如何实施TOD做了简要说明.     

航行工况下自升式风车安装船强度直接计算研究

自升自航式风车安装船为海洋工程专业特种船舶,在风机运输,安装中有很高的实际利用价值。采用直接计算法,对航行工况下自升自航式风电安装船的总强度进行评估。建立了船体和桩腿的有限元建模,基于三维势流理论对波浪垂直弯矩进行长期预报,得到风车安装船在典型装载工况下的设计波参数,将船舶在设计波中的重力、静水压力、水动压力、惯性力等施加到模型上进行直接强度分析,对航行工况下船体和桩腿的强度进行了校核。本文的计算方法及结果可为自升自航式风车安装船的整体强度评估、船体结构优化提供有效依据,并且对同类工程船的设计开发具有指导意义。     

快速公交（BRT）在合肥市的应用

快速公交系统是一种快速运输的简易形式,它是集先进的公交技术、公交运营新观念和管理技术于一体的系统,这个系统可以提供先进的运输服务,相当于快速轻轨运输系统。对合肥市进行实例研究,论证合肥市发展快速公交的优势,结合合肥市经济、社会背景,提出合肥市快速公交规划方案,旨在为政府在实施过程中提供参考。