Does the increase of public transit fares deteriorate air quality in Beijing?

Since 2006, Beijing lowered its public transit fares as a way to improve air quality. However, Beijing increased public transportation fare prices from December 28, 2014, and commuters pay for the distance they traveled rather than a flat fare. This paper explores the effect of Beijing public transit fares increase on air quality. We collect daily data of air pollution and weather variables and use synthetic control method of Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003) to select control units. We then estimate a difference-in-differences model and assess the effect of the policy on air quality index (AQI). We find a 16.28% increase in air pollution in short run. However, we find no longer-run effect on air quality.     

Electric vehicle park-charge-ride programs: A planning framework and case study in Chicago

In suburban areas, combining the use of electric vehicles (EV) and transit systems in an EV Park-Charge-Ride (PCR) approach can potentially help improve transit accessibility, facilitate EV charging and adoption, and reduce the need for long-distance driving and ensuing impacts. Despite the anticipated growth of EV adoption and charging demand, PCR programs are limited. With a focus on multi-modal trips, this study proposes a generic planning process that integrates EV infrastructure development with transit systems, develops a systematic assessment approach to fostering the PCR adoption, and illustrates a case implementation in Chicago. Specifically, this study develops a Suitability Index (SI) for EV charging locations at parking spots that are suitable for both EV charging and transit connections. SI can be customized for short-term and long-term planning scenarios. SI values are derived in Chicago as an example for (1) commuter rail stations (for work trips), and (2) shopping centers near transit stops as potential opportunities for additional weekday parking and EV charging (for multi-purpose trips/MPT). Furthermore, carbon emissions and vehicle miles travelled (VMT) across various travel modes and trip scenarios (i.e., work trips and MPT) are calculated. Compared to the baseline of driving a conventional vehicle, this study found that an EV PCR commuter can reduce up to 87% of personal VMT and 52% of carbon emissions. A more active role of the public sector in the PCR program development is recommended.     

空间状态轮轮(轨)接触点计算方法

轮轨接触几何关系是轮轨交通中最基本的问题。结合机车车辆在滚动(振动)台上进行台架试验的工况,以试验台的“轮轮”接触为研究对象,应用“迹线法”,提出在空间状态下轮轮接触点的计算方法。给出滚轮在正常位置时的轮轮接触关系计算公式,然后以此为基础,考虑包括滚轮的横向移动、垂向移动、轨底坡变化、摇头运动(模拟钢轨横向弯曲)、纵向位移误差等各种可能出现的滚轮空间状态,进而推导出滚轮在任意空间位置的轮轮接触点的计算公式,并可直接推广到轮轨接触计算中。     

重庆跨座式单轨系统限界检测设备的研究

跨座式单轨系统限界有其特殊性 ,尺寸控制非常紧 ,内容多而复杂。因此 ,该系统土建工程施工完后必须对全线断面的建筑限界进行检测。要进行准确高效的检测 ,需研发移动式检测设备 (限界检测车 )。在对跨座式单轨车系统限界分析研究的基础上 ,提出限界检测车的总体技术构想。     

基于轨间电缆的城市轨道列车速度控制系统

分析了基于轨间电缆的城市轨道列车速度控制系统结构及设计要求，通过对系统的基本原理的论述，提出了一种较为适合我国城市轨道交通发展的速度控制方式。     

Polycentricity and transit service

This paper focuses on the two related issues of employment distribution and access to transit services. Using the 2001 census tract level economic activities and transit routes within the county, a number of analyses were performed to determine the location of major employment centers in Los Angeles County and how these localities may be understood within the context of a transit service operation in a polycentric metropolitan area. The identified economic subcenters contain one-third of the county employment and its firms, collectively. While these economic nodes are networked by the existing bus routes, the connection between employees and their place of work appears to be inadequate. This has created a less than optimal condition in many sections of the metropolitan area. This paper suggests methodologies for encountering this shortcoming.     

国产PD3钢轨与进口钢轨材质性能的对比研究

按照"时速200km客运专线60kg·m-1钢轨暂行技术条件"的要求,UIC900A、攀钢PD3及鞍钢PD3的钢轨材质性能进行对比研究。结果表明,三种钢轨的化学成分,H,O含量,非金属夹杂物,低倍及显微组织、断裂韧性、裂纹扩展速率、拉压疲劳以及轨底残余应力均符合"暂行技术条件"的要求。力学性能指标超过规定值,鞍钢、攀钢产PD3轨的KIC基本相当,而UIC900A钢轨的低温KIC稍高于国产PD3钢轨;PD3轨钢的拉压疲劳极限比UIC900A高出约5%;攀钢PD3钢轨轨底残余应力较鞍钢PD3钢轨略高,而UIC900A钢轨最低。另外,进口钢轨的脱碳层深度较浅,攀钢钢轨脱碳层较为稳定,而鞍钢钢轨脱碳层有的炉次超过了"暂行技术条件"的规定。     

城铁合成长枕埋入式无碴道床道岔施工技术

以广州地铁四号线引进的国际领先水平的新型轨枕材料——合成轨枕为研究对象,结合四号线的工程实际,介绍了在国内首次铺设合成岔枕整体道床道岔的施工技术。     

城市公交调度中满载率问题的研究

为了解决城市公交调度中满载率的取值问题,运用对比分析和统计学方法,通过对公交车辆额定乘载人数进行修正,建立新的满载率计算模型,从而实现对公交线路车辆满载率理论定义的修正。并通过对公交运营实际数据的处理,得到公交线路实际运营过程中的最小、最大及推荐满载率计算值。研究结果对公交调度的满载率取值问题及公交服务评价的满载率指标确定有一定的参考价值。     

城市公共交通场站建设研究

城市公共交通场站是支撑城市公交生存发展的基础设施,是城市公交正常运营的必要条件。本文在分析城市公共交通场站建设存在的问题的基础上,详细论述了城市公共交通场站建设的指导思想和原则,进而研究了公交场站建设对策。最后以甘肃省天水市为例,详细分析了天水市公共交通场站的建设思路。