节气门位置传感器故障波形研究

利用汽车故障模拟台的控制开关通断来模拟节气门位置传感器信号的有无,同时测量与发动机性能和排放等有关的参数,进而分析该传感器某些功能失效对发动机的影响,正确地检测出发动机的故障。     

泰梅港东段综合治理工程设计

金汇镇泰梅港东段由于沿岸有污染源,水体黑臭,严重影响沿岸人民生产、生活,且威胁到相邻水厂的水源保护地。该文在调查分析的基础上,提出控制污染源、治理污染底泥和水体、沟通水系的工程方案,以恢复水体水质Ⅳ-Ⅵ类为目标,满足工农业、水产养殖用水为原则,设计一个完整的治理方案。     

多孔隙水泥稳定碎石排水基层的研究

结合邵怀高速公路的路面结构,分析确定多孔隙水泥稳定碎石排水基层的渗透系数、空隙率和力学强度指标。提出了多孔隙水泥稳定碎石的设计级配范围和对集料、水泥的技术要求。推荐了多孔隙水泥稳定碎石混合料的配合比设计过程和评价指标的测试方法。介绍了多孔隙水泥稳定碎石排水基层的施工工艺以及现场芯样的评价指标检测结果。结果表明,研究设计的多孔隙水泥稳定碎石的排水性能、力学强度都是良好的。     

轻型工程自卸车进气系统设计布置

以某款轻型工程自卸车为例,阐述空气滤清器结构形式的选择、空气滤清器进气流量以及中冷器散热面积的计算方法,并介绍了进气系统布置时应注意的事项,为选择合适的空气滤清器及中冷器提供了参考。     

城市道路交通噪声的对策研究

城市道路交通噪声严重影响城市居民正常工作和休息,降低工作效率,危害身心健康。文中分析了城市道路交通噪声的污染危害及产生原因,从噪声源、传播途径、城市规划管理及法律法规4个方面提出了交通噪声的治理措施。重点分析研究了交通噪声传播规律,并提出了城市交通噪声控制方法和对策。     

新能源插电式混合动力汽车馈电时控制逻辑的分析与驾驶体验优化 ——不同混动架构与驾驶体验以及与能耗之间的关系分析

时代的发展使得环境污染问题愈发严重,机动车成为排放污染物的重要贡献者.因此,发展新能源汽车具有很强的战略性必要性.常见的混合动力汽车可粗略分为两大类:HEV普通型混合动力汽车;PHEV插电式混合动力汽车.前者的代表性车型为:丰田普锐斯、一汽丰田卡罗拉双擎.后者的代表车型为:比亚迪秦、荣威Ei6等国产车型.特殊车型为传祺...     

基于机场子区划分的机场网络交通拥挤传播预测

为了预测机场进离场交通的拥挤态势,本文从机场网络的角度进行研究.首先针对交通拥挤形成的动态过程,建立了基于出入流率的交通拥挤的定义及其度量;接着,引入多维标度法对机场之间的交通相关性进行定量分析,划分机场子区,以降低网络分析的复杂度及解空间维数;然后,构建了基于Elman神经网络实现机场子区内多个相关机场的交通拥挤传播预测方法;最后,基于美国机场的实际航班数据对机场网络拥挤传播预测方法进行验证.验证结果表明,预测结果的平均绝对百分比误差和平均绝对偏差较小,明显优于对比算法.     

Categorisation for air quality assessment in car cabin

The objective of this work was to propose a way of preparing information about in-cabin air quality for the car driver or passenger. It was assumed that information should be objective, relevant, current, complete and useful. The major elements of our concept were: (1) monitoring of selected air parameters inside the cabin, (2) determination of indicators that characterise indoor air, based on measurements, and (3) the method of information extraction. We proposed to realise the first task with a sensor system. The second and third goals were reached by categorisation. The basis for defining categories were ranges of values of measured parameters or their combinations. In a way, the categories were used to quantify indicators of air quality. Shannon entropy and mutual information were applied to find the best categorisation. The concept was investigated using experimental data from car cabin air monitoring in various driving conditions. We conclude that information about air quality in car cabins may be successfully conveyed using the following indicators: thermal conditions – determined based on temperature and relative humidity measurements; air exchange – determined based on CO₂ concentration; and air freshness – determined based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) content in car cabin air. Each indicator has three categories: bad, intermediate and good.     

A methodological approach for environmental characterization of ports

This paper introduces a methodology for the characterization of ports, employing specifically defined eco-efficiency indicators and combining typically available data (handled cargo, containers and passengers) with ship exhaust pollutants values (mainly NO_x, SO_x and PM) and anticipated external costs (ECs) due to emitted air pollutants to provide a collective overview of all port-related economic and environmental activities. The results from an applied case study allow a comparative evaluation of 16 selected ports based on 17 different evaluation criteria and denote that the employment of such an overall approach can allow port authorities to improve managerial aspects, potentially lower operational costs and promote reduced environmental effects.     

The costs and benefits of a nitrogen emission control area in the Baltic and North Seas

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the socio-economic justification of implementing a Nitrogen Emission Control Area (NECA), starting 2021, for ships in the Baltic Sea and/or the North Sea and English Channel. We analyse the potential for emission reduction, emission control costs, and monetised benefits following the introduction of a NECA. Costs and benefits are compared for 2030. We compile new data on emission control costs for shipping, use the GAINS model for calculations of emission dispersion, and the Alpha-RiskPoll model for estimating monetary values of health impacts. The model results show that costs to conform to the NO_X regulations of a NECA in the Baltic Sea, North Sea or both sea regions would be 111 (100–123), 181 (157–209), and 230 (195–273) million € per year, respectively. Corresponding benefits from reduced emissions are estimated to be 139 (56–294), 869 (335–1882), and 1007 (392–2177) million € per year, respectively. Calculated benefits surpass costs for most scenarios, but less convincingly for a Baltic Sea NECA. Conforming to the NECA regulations by using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) propulsion engines is estimated to give the highest net benefits but also the largest variation (costs: 153 (88–238), benefits: 1556 (49–3795) million €/year). The variations are mainly due to uncertainties in the valuation of avoided fatalities and climate impacts. It is concluded that the NECAs for the Baltic and North Seas can be justified using CBA under all but extreme assumptions.