基于异构模型的铁路出发旅客衔接时间价值

旅客时间价值是开展区域综合交通一体化研究的重要参数.本文针对现有文献中铁路旅客衔接时间价值研究较少、异构模型计算结果的比较不够充分等问题,以成都铁路东客站出发旅客衔接方式选择SP数据为依托,建立了MNL、ML、LCL、Hybrid等异构模型,对异构模型所得旅客个体和样本总体的等候时间价值、车内时间价值进行了比较.结果表明：模型结构对时间价值求解有较大影响,ML中单侧三角分布模型求解结果较为合理;Hybrid模型在拟合效果上表现优良,但在个体等候时间价值求解结果中呈现出较为明显的偏态性,给总体统计描述带来一定的困难.由于目前尚无关于时间价值的明确比选方法,应用中可考虑取异构模型计算结果的均值.     

船闸设计通过能力的不确定性分析

船闸规划通过能力是确定船闸建设规模和标准的重要依据。由于在船闸规划阶段对船型、船闸上下游水位差以及货物流量、流向等3个关键参数选用与实际情况通常存在较大的偏差,导致预测结果出现严重的偏离,存在较大的不确定性,从而影响到船闸规模和布局论证的准确性。以江苏某船闸实际运行数据为例,运用船闸设计规范推荐的通过能力计算方法,对船闸上述3个参数在规划设计和实际运行两个不同阶段的差异进行分析对比,并对停泊条件做了符合性验算。结果表明:船闸设计参数对船闸通过能力分析结论影响巨大,按规范推荐船型和水位组合计算的船闸通过能力结果严重偏保守。在船闸规划设计阶段应该对船型及水位组合做进一步分析论证,才能提高船闸通过能力规划的准确性。     

Multi-objective optimization of quarter-car models with a passive or semi-active suspension system

A systematic methodology is applied in an effort to select optimum values for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of two degrees of freedom quarter-car models, subjected to road excitation. First, models involving passive suspension dampers with constant or dual rate characteristics are considered. In addition, models with semi-active suspensions are also examined. Moreover, special emphasis is put in modeling possible temporary separations of the wheel from the ground. For all these models, appropriate methodologies are employed for capturing the motions of the vehicle resulting from passing with a constant horizontal speed over roads involving an isolated or a distributed geometric irregularity. The optimization process is based on three suitable performance criteria, related to ride comfort, suspension travel and road holding of the vehicle and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. As these criteria are conflicting, a suitable multi-objective optimization methodology is set up and applied. As a result, a series of diagrams with typical numerical results are presented and compared in both the corresponding objective spaces (in the form of classical Pareto fronts) and parameter spaces.     

Distributed support modelling for vertical track dynamic analysis

The finite length nature of rail-pad supports is characterised by a Timoshenko beam element formulation over an elastic foundation, giving rise to the distributed support element. The new element is integrated into a vertical track model, which is solved in frequency and time domain. The developed formulation is obtained by solving the governing equations of a Timoshenko beam for this particular case. The interaction between sleeper and rail via the elastic connection is considered in an analytical, compact and efficient way. The modelling technique results in realistic amplitudes of the ‘pinned–pinned’ vibration mode and, additionally, it leads to a smooth evolution of the contact force temporal response and to reduced amplitudes of the rail vertical oscillation, as compared to the results from concentrated support models. Simulations are performed for both parametric and sinusoidal roughness excitation. The model of support proposed here is compared with a previous finite length model developed by other authors, coming to the conclusion that the proposed model gives accurate results at a reduced computational cost.     

水泥混凝土路面的温度梯度日极值预估

温度梯度的大小受外界环境如气温、辐射、风雨等因素的影响较为显著,基于大同、宁波、广州三个气象观测站近一年的气象、路面温度等数据的采集分析,引入前一日的太阳辐射数据(Q-1)作为预估模型的参数,提高了前人基于气象参数对水泥混凝土路面日温度梯度最大值的预估模型的精度;采用路面表层温度这一较容易获取的温度数据(包括路表日最高温度Ts,max与路表日最低温度Ts,min)对标准厚度路面的日最大温度梯度进行预估的模型;引进路面温度梯度日振幅ΔTg这一概念,提出路面日温度梯度最小值与日温度梯度最大值之间的指数关系。     

针对主辅路的Vissim仿真模型参数标定方法

微观交通仿真模型的参数标定是保证仿真模型有效性的基础和前提。针对车辆在主路和辅路运行特征的差异,提出了1种针对主辅路的微观交通仿真模型参数标定方法。该方法以进口道的车均延误的偏差作为评价指标,以遗传算法作为求解工具,分别实现了微观交通仿真软件Vissim中主路和辅路驾驶行为参数的标定。同时,结合工程实例将该方法应用于北京市朝阳路与高碑店北路交叉口、南苑路与久敬庄路交叉口仿真模型的参数标定中。结果显示,采用该方法标定后的主路和辅路延误与实测延误的平均偏差分别为2.1s和2.5s ;采用主路和辅路统一标定的方法,主路和辅路延误与实测延误的平均偏差分别为7.1s和7.5s。结果表明,仿真模型参数能够有效地提高参数标定的仿真试验效率与仿真精度,验证了该方法将主路和辅路仿真模型参数分开标定的有效性。     

基于响应面法的双块式轨枕多目标优化分析

为得到双块式轨枕的最优设计参数组合,采用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立双组桁架双块式轨枕的计算模型,详细分析上主筋直径、下主筋直径、连接筋直径、桁架总高度和下主筋间距对双块式轨枕力学特性的影响。基于Box-Behnken试验设计方法,建立堆放工况下桁架钢筋等效应力和垂向位移的响应面函数,并以钢筋等效应力和垂向位移为优化目标函数,对双块式轨枕进行多目标优化分析。结果表明:随着下主筋直径、连接筋直径和桁架总高度的增加,桁架钢筋等效应力和垂向位移均逐渐减小;下主筋直径、连接筋直径、桁架总高度和下主筋间距对于堆放工况下的双块式轨枕力学性能的影响较显著,而上主筋直径对双块式轨枕力学性能的影响相对较小;当上主筋直径、下主筋直径、连接筋直径、桁架总高度和下主筋间距分别为10,9,8,113 mm和70 mm时,双块式轨枕具有较好的力学性能。     

新型组合结构高墩的静力学分析方法

特大跨桥梁的塔柱以及超高桥梁的墩柱通常采用薄壁截面形式,以克服自重过大的问题。当薄壁墩柱遭遇强地震作用时,通过墩柱产生塑性铰来耗散地震能量,保护整体结构的安全性。但薄壁墩柱存在耗能能力有限、修复困难的缺陷,为便于概念设计,通过对该结构体系进行力学简化,使用连续连杆法对受力特征进行分析,建立了相应的力法方程并对其理论求解方法进行推导;根据位移等效原则,求解出顶部受集中力的悬臂墩等效惯性矩,便于计算顶部位移;提出了比例参数的概念,用于结构构件进行参数优化,可方便、有效地实现结构的力学性能设计;为验证连续连杆法、等效惯性矩计算方法的可靠性,进行了有限元数值分析。研究结果表明：解析解与试验结果及有限元分析结果吻合较好;提出的新型自耗能高墩兼具较大的耗能能力和可恢复性的优势;采用连续连杆法分析新型自耗能高墩结构体系的内力和位移是可行的。所得结果对新型自耗能高墩结构体系的设计具有指导性,利用等效惯性矩求解结构的顶点位移可以很好地满足设计精度要求。     

Towards comfort-optimal trajectory planning and control

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a method to analyse and evaluate different trajectory planning methods and controller types for usage in automated vehicles. Its application is shown by using a novel trajectory planning approach considering comfort aspects (based on Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT)), two different controllers to follow the planned path (cascade controller and flatness based controller) and a simulation method to obtain resulting lateral vehicle accelerations. The method is used to plan and drive a trajectory through a roundabout. It can be seen that the lateral accelerations of the controller-driven vehicle are in the range of the values used for planning. However, the results of both controllers show differences in lateral deviation and in smoothness of lateral accelerations. The simulation results are then compared to real-world test drives in the same roundabout. The measured lateral accelerations are in the same range as well but show a smoother progression than the two controller models.     

基于机器视觉的车辆检测与参数识别研究进展

近年来公路交通运输快速增长,交通车辆的快速准确检测与识别对智能交通系统和交通基础设施运维具有重要意义.随着机器视觉和深度学习技术的迅速发展及其在目标检测领域的广泛应用,车辆目标检测和参数识别也取得新的突破.该文从车辆参数的识别方法和应用研究两方面梳理了机器视觉和深度学习在车辆检测与参数识别领域的研究现状、最新研究成果和...