航运安全管理体系内部审核探析

安全管理体系内部审核是ISM规则的强制要求,更是体系自我控制和自我完善的重要手段,其实施质量会直接影响到安全管理体系的有效性。本文通过对安全管理体系内部审核要求的分析,提出实施过程中应把握的基本原则和方法,并对相关问题进行探讨。     

Factors Influencing Behavior in a Boating Speed Zone

The greatest source of human-related mortality for endangered Florida manatees is collisions with watercraft. Regulation of boat speeds is the principal management tool to minimize this threat. Demands on law enforcement limit their ability to monitor boater behavior and managers seek alternative strategies to increase compliance. The purposes of this study were to: (1) explore the effectiveness of an on-site sign to enhance boater compliance in a boating speed zone, and (2) examine the environmental and boating characteristics that influence the probability of compliance. Signs designed to increase compliance were posted halfway through the 18-week study period. The signs were not related to compliance level. Logistic regression models showed that only time of day and boat type were significantly related to compliance. Results suggest that passive methods of persuasion may not be an effective means of influencing boater behavior.     

An application of interactive management information systems to environmental planning: Coastal zone management

Recent emphasis in comprehensive planning for coastal zone regions has created the need for more effective tools for information processing and analysis to aid policymakers and planners in developing strategies for preservation of coastal zone areas. New agencies with broad powers have been created at both state and federal levels to deal with growth management in large coastal regions. However, coastal zone management (CZM) agencies have not yet been able to deal effectively with development processes. A “holding action”; is being maintained in the face of mounting pressure by developers, while planners struggle to develop (1) a data base with sufficient detail for planning; (2) a fair and rapid process for reviewing environmental impact statements and granting of development permits; and (3) a system for making the development permit application process more routine. The key to success of the CZM process is the development of a management information system (MIS) created explicitly for CZM. The prototypical system designed by the authors combines graphic display capabilities (i.e., map display) with interactive on‐line computing and large storage‐capacity computers. Problems of data structure development are documented, together with problems of assembling a large‐scale, highly detailed data base. Of particular importance is the need for well‐developed objectives and specifications for the use of computer‐based data in resolving disputes on environmental issues. A set of objectives and specifications for a prototypical coastal zone MIS is developed. The system is described in detail, showing how its capabilities directly address policy questions formulated by coastal zone planners.     

压载水管理系统/方法批准程序综述

文中全面介绍并比较分析了压载水公约和相关导则、文件对压载水管理系统/方法批准程序的要求,对制造商提高压载水管理系统的研发效率、加快申请批准的进程以及提高批准成功率有重要意义;同时,为主管机关完善和理顺相关法律文件、顺利开展型式认可等履约工作提供参考。     

A two-stage optimization approach for sulphur emission regulation compliance

In this paper, we present a two-stage optimization model for the machinery system selection problem. The objective is to minimize total cost, while aggregated power requirement and emission regulations are constraining the problem. Future fuel prices are considered to be uncertain. From a set of alternatives, the machinery configuration providing the lowest total cost is found. Also design flexibility in terms of future reconfiguration possibilities is taken into account. The machinery selection for a 2000 TEU container vessel is used as an illustrative case. Five initial machinery concepts are considered: diesel machinery, diesel machinery with a scrubber system, dual fuel (DF) machinery, pure gas engines, and a DF ready machinery. There is also a set of reconfiguration possibilities available for each alternative. From solving the case study, DF machinery is found optimal, while pure gas machinery is close to equally good. By solving the problem with deterministic fuel prices, the value of flexibility is not properly accounted for, resulting in an unreasonably high total cost for the flexible machinery alternatives. This demonstrates the need for a decision support approach that explicitly handles future uncertainty, as the two-stage stochastic model presented in this paper does.     

岩石单向拉伸的蠕变特性

本文介绍了岩石单向拉伸蠕变试验,详细讨论了10种岩石的蠕变试验结果,建议用变蠕变柔度描述岩石的非线性蠕变特性。     

沥青延迟时间谱的计算及应用

通过对3种沥青静态蠕变试验、动态试验和沥青粘弹性性能的分析，研究了沥青的粘弹性能，得到了3种沥青的蠕变柔量曲线和动态柔量曲线。采用非线性回归法计算分析了沥青的离散延迟时间谱，通过延迟时间谱将沥青的动态柔量转换为蠕变柔量，并将转换值与实测值进行了对比分析。结果表明，转换值与实测值偏差较小，离散时间谱可以很好地转换沥青的动、静态粘弹函数，且物理意义明确。同时，通过比较得知根据短时的蠕变数据可以很好地预测长时的蠕变数据。因此延迟时间谱可以很好地预测沥青的蠕变性能。     

民机机身结构适坠性研究

以民机机身结构为研究对象, 按照积木式研究方案的不同层级, 即材料级、元件级、细节件级、子部件级、部件级、整机, 阐述了民机机身结构适坠性试验及数值模拟方法; 总结了世界范围内在子部件级(货舱地板下部机身框段)和部件级(机身框段)开展的适坠性研究, 对比分析了机身框段结构坠撞破坏模式, 阐述了机身框段适坠性设计方法; 阐述了民机机身结构适坠性符合性验证及评估方法, 展望了民机机身结构适坠性设计、验证及审定的未来发展方向。研究结果表明: 材料失效和连接结构失效是民机机身坠撞过程中的主要失效模式, 材料本构模型和连接结构失效模型对适坠性仿真分析有重要影响, 需发展更为准确的材料本构模型及连接结构建模技术, 提高其动态仿真成熟度; 在机身结构中布置吸能结构可有效改善其适坠性能, 需发展更加高效稳定的吸能结构设计及布置方案, 以最大化提升机身结构适坠性能; 细节件级和子部件级试验及仿真分析提供了评估失效模式、破坏机理和吸能能力的解决方案, 需进一步发展高精度测试技术及有限元仿真分析技术, 以有效支持部件级和整机适坠性设计、验证及适航审定; 发展含不确定参数的适坠性优化设计方法及评估方法, 以避免额外试验和后期结构更改; 系统开展适坠性积木式试验, 有效支持有限元模型验证及评估工作, 发展经积木式方法验证的有限元仿真分析来表明适坠性符合性, 以减少适坠性验证时间及成本, 并指导适坠性试验设计及结构设计。     

现金通行费缴款监管及对账系统设计探讨

针对现行的人工手段监管现金通行费缴款用时长、效率低、差错多、监管弱等缺点,文章利用前置机设计开发出现金通行费缴款监管及对账系统,通过银企数据交互,实现通行费款项的自动监管与对账,为防范各种资金安全隐患提供有力的科技手段,有效管控资金风险。