TBM盘形滚刀磨损与滚刀滑动距离关系研究

盘形滚刀磨损是制约TBM掘进效率和施工成本的重要因素。为研究滚刀滑动对滚刀磨损的影响,提出了"一次侵入位移"的概念,应用质点的运动合成原理推导出了考虑滚刀刀刃宽度影响的一次侵入位移及滚刀滑动距离的计算公式,研究一次侵入位移的影响因素以及滚刀磨损与滑动距离的关系,基于上述研究分析秦岭隧道TB880E型TBM滚刀滑动磨损系数分布规律。研究表明:1)滚刀破岩过程中,刀刃相对开挖面岩石除滚动外,还产生相对滑动;2)中心区域滚刀侧向位移分量最大,滚刀磨损以剪切破岩和滑动磨损为主,中心区域以外滚刀沿掘进方向位移分量最大,滚刀磨损以碾压破岩和滚动磨损为主;3)应进一步综合考虑滚刀破岩量、滑动距离以及二次磨损等因素对滚刀磨损的影响。     

舰船 RCS岸基测试与数据处理方法

针对武器装备发展对舰船目标特性的需求,本文从电磁散射理论与雷达测试两方面闸述雷达散射截面定义,表明了 RCS在电磁散射理论和工程测量上概念是统一的。归纳岸基 RCS测试的相对比较法,提出岸基雷达在掠海水平方向测试舰船 RCS所需信噪比、采集数据量等要求,讨论远场测试条件,规定了最远和最近测试距离,确保测试舰船 RCS结果的准确性。应用统计方法对原始数据进行处理,给出处理 RCS均值、误差、概率密度、累计分布函数等方法和应用过程。本文提出的舰船 RCS岸基测试方法,满足武器装备论证、试验鉴定等对舰船RCS应用要求。     

无线传感网络技术在隧道变形与防灾监测中的应用研究

针对当前隧道结构变形与防灾监测手段存在的不足,对无线传感网络在隧道工程应用的可行性进行试验研究,提出一种基于材料力学的新型监测位移方法,结合不同的监测位置,建立相应的位移-倾角变化量的量测方程。通过室内管片加载试验,验证了新型位移监测方法的可行性和无线传感网络的稳定性,借助软件Smartfire进行了隧道火灾数值模拟试验,针对火灾温度场的分布情况,提出合理的监测距离和监测精度。通过室内试验和数值模拟,对无线传感网络的硬件及布置方案均提出相关指标,以满足工程实时监测要求。     

城市轨道交通正线间单渡线设置曲线的最小线间距研究

在城市轨道交通工程中,单渡线的设置用于临时折返列车,增加列车运营时的灵活性,实现列车的转线运行。单渡线一般靠近车站端部设置,当设置成曲线时,有利于减少车站开挖长度,降低施工造价,节约成本。根据GB 50157—2003《地铁设计规范》的定义,基于车辆、道岔等相关技术参数的条件,对城市轨道交通单渡线设置成曲线的最小线间距进行研究,得出4种不同组合情况下的最小线间距,为国内城市轨道交通单渡线的设置起到一定的指导和借鉴作用。     

Accuracy of distance‐based travel time decomposition in probe vehicle systems

Probe vehicle data (PVD) are commonly used for area‐wide measurements of travel time in road networks. In this context, travel times usually refer to fixed edges of an underlying (digital) map. That means measured travel times have to be transformed into so‐called link travel times first. This paper analyzes a common method being applied for solving this task (distance‐based travel time decomposition). It is shown that, in general, its inherent imprecision must not be neglected. Instead, it might cause a serious misinterpretation of data if potential errors in the context of travel time decomposition are ignored. For this purpose, systematic as well as maximum deviations between “decomposed” and “true” link travel times are mathematically analyzed. By that, divergent statements in the literature about the accuracy of PVD are harmonized. Moreover, conditions for the applicability of the so‐called distance‐proportion method are derived depending on the permitted error level. Three examples ranging from pure theory to real world confirm the analytical findings and underline the problems resulting from distance‐based travel time decomposition at local level, for example, at individual intersections. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山区互通立交的停车视距修正

山区互通立交由于视距问题引发的交通事故较多,从车辆运行速度的角度出发,考虑主线和匝道纵坡情况,推导出运行速度下对应各纵坡度的视距值,同理推导出运行速度下对应各纵坡度的货车停车视距值,适用于货车和大客车比例较大的山区互通立交。     

Design of offshore structures against accidental ship collisions

In this paper, we investigate the damage to offshore platforms subjected to ship collisions. The considered scenarios are bow and stern impacts against the column of a floating platform and against the jacket legs and braces. The effect of the ship–platform interaction on the distribution of damage is studied by modeling both structures using nonlinear shell finite elements. A supply vessel of 7500-ton displacement with bulbous bow is modeled. A comprehensive numerical analysis program is conducted, and the primary findings are described herein. The collision forces from the vessel are compared with the suggested force–deformation curves in the NORSOK code. For collisions with floating platforms we particularly focus on the crushing behavior and potential penetration of the bulbous bow and stern sections into the cargo tanks or void spaces of semi-submersible platforms. For fixed jacket platforms we investigate whether jacket braces can penetrate into the ship without being subjected to significant plastic bending or local denting.Adequate treatment of the relative strength between the interacting bodies is especially relevant for impacts with high levels of available kinetic energy, for which shared energy or strength design is aimed at. Simplifying one body as rigid quickly leads to overly conservative and/or costly solutions, and is in some cases non-conservative.The numerical analysis is used to develop a novel pressure–area relation for the deformation of the bulbous bow and stern corners of the supply vessel. Procedures for strength design of the stiffened panels are discussed. Refined methods and criteria are proposed for strength design of platforms, including both floating and jacket structures. The adequacy of the NORSOK design guidance for collisions against jacket legs is evaluated. The characteristic strength of a cylindrical column is used to develop a novel criterion for the resistance to local denting from stern corners and bulbous bows.     

扩频技术在浅海水声测距中的应用

传统的水声系统由于主要使用单频脉冲信号,因而无法克服距离分辨力和作用距离之间的矛盾。文中主要研究如何将扩频编码m序列编码技术应用到水声测距中的方法,既详细分析了浅海水声多途信道的特点,也给出了用于水声测距的扩频数字模型,并进行系统性能仿真与水池试验验证。结果表明：增加m序列码元周期和减小脉宽能够增加测量精度,频谱越宽则抗干扰性越强。该项研究为扩频技术在水声测距与定位中的实际应用提供了较好参考。     

市区行车不闯红灯措施研究

市区行车不闯红灯,首先应提升不闯红灯理念,关键是如何做到＂心中有红灯＂.其次,将路口划分为＂两线一区＂,分析路口行车关键环节和行车要点,分别路口不同情况,制定相应行车计划.最后探讨如何执行路口行车计划,根本途径是提升司机素质,在日常路口行车中,掌握不闯红灯的本领.     

离心试验砂雨法试样制备研究

全国岩土工程离心模拟平行试验之一,是砂土模型地层的制备.砂土试样制备主要通过相对密度进行控制,试验中采用福建标准砂,采用砂雨法制备砂土地层和网眼式与鸭嘴式出砂头,通过对试验结果分析得到落距-相对密度标定曲线,并设定土体目标密度(55 %和75 %),验证曲线的可靠性;同时,考察制备模型地基的相对密度在空间上的均质性.出砂头的孔径大小、出砂量、出砂头水平移动速度对相对密度的影响,还需进一步研究.