Socially and environmentally appropriate urban futures for the motor car

In its relatively short life, the automobile has provided a level of mobility unlikely to have been feasible with a reliance on conventional forms of land based public transport. It has contributed in both a positive and negative way to the quality of life, transforming our cities, our way of life, and giving us a greater command over time and space. Concern over the undesirable social and environmental impacts has increased over time, with calls for governments to take action to reduce the automobile's dominant role. New investment in fixed-track public transport and bus priority systems together with strategies to discourage travel have been proposed to improve accessibility and to aid in cleaning up the physical environment. This paper reviews some of the issues facing society as it works to identify policies to achieve an economically and environmentally sustainabie future. There is a need for a broader set of policies to facilitate alternative land use-transport lifestyles while facing appropriate pricing signals. Some of the key issues are adjustments in the relative prices of location and transport, spatial incentives to make public transport economically viable (i.e. changing urban densities, zoning/incentive changes to allow more infill), road pricing (i.e. charging cars the economic cost of using the roads), new information technology systems (e.g. IVHS) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of transport infrastructure, major improvements in the fuel efficiency of fossil fuelled vehicles, and alternative-fuelled vehicles (clean-air vehicles).     

Residential built environment and walking activity: Empirical evidence of Jane Jacobs’ urban vitality

This study intends to empirically verify Jacobs’ urban vitality theory, which was based on the observations of her New York City neighborhood in the mid-20th century. To examine the relationship between the residential built environment and walking activity, we used telephone survey data consisting of 1823 valid samples from across Seoul, a city characterized by a high population density and a well-established public transportation system. Respondents were asked questions about their residential location, their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and their walking activities. This study then used geographic information systems to measure objective indicators of built environment variables within 500-meter buffer areas based on the home addresses of the respondents. Then, this study constructed multilevel regression models with walking activity as the dependent variable. Our results indicated that walking activity is associated with Jacobs’ six conditions for urban vitality, including land use mix, density, block size, building age, accessibility, and border vacuums.     

Historic vehicles: an overview from a transport policy perspective

Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them.     

某车型潮湿环境下制动抱死问题整改研究

为解决某车型售后用户抱怨在汽车刚开始行驶时(冷启动,尤其每天早晨)的后轮制动抱死问题,分析可能造成潮湿环境下后轮制动抱死的原因.通过分析试验得出:鼓式制动器的摩擦片材料锈粘着问题是导致潮湿环境下制动抱死的主要原因.     

西部黄土高原区公路交通建设与生态环境保护

根据西部黄土高原区生态环境特征和西部交通建设的特点,提出公路交通建设中面临的主要生态问题,重点对西部交通建设中主要的生态环境问题进行了分析,在此基础上,建议在公路工程建设中应采取的生态环境保护措施。     

城市道路景观环境建设的探讨

城市道路景观环境已越来越引起社会的关注。城市居民既希望有便捷、安全的交通 ,同时希望有一个安全、优美、贴近自然的交通环境。本文重点对建设城市道路景观环境的原则进行探讨     

Smarter and more connected: Future intelligent transportation system

Emerging technologies toward a connected vehicle-infrastructure-pedestrian environment and big data have made it easier and cheaper to collect, store, analyze, use, and disseminate multi-source data. The connected environment also introduces new approaches to flexible control and management of transportation systems in real time to improve overall system performance. Given the benefits of a connected environment, it is crucial that we understand how the current intelligent transportation system could be adapted to the connected environment.     

海洋环境下混凝土中钢筋加速锈蚀研究

为研究海洋环境下氯离子渗透导致混凝土中钢筋电化学腐蚀行为、锈胀裂缝发展及锈斑分布情况,同时为青岛地铁高性能混凝土配合比的优化及耐久性能提供试验依据,设计了上置腐蚀溶液槽的钢筋混凝土试件,并针对C40、C50、C50S和C55 4类钢筋混凝土试件开展恒电位加速试验。试验结果表明： 采用本试验方法加速钢筋混凝土锈蚀,靠近混凝土保护层一侧的钢筋锈蚀严重,钢筋出现点蚀现象,与自然环境下钢筋锈蚀情况一致; 依据交流阻抗谱图拟合的钢筋电荷转移电阻随腐蚀时间增加而下降,依据计算的腐蚀电流密度,测试的钢筋电流演变拐点可确定C40、C50、C50S和C55混凝土中钢筋脱钝时间分别为60～70、80～90、90～100、100～110 h,钢筋混凝土锈胀开裂时间分别为120、136、176、264 h; 采用图像处理软件依据灰度值不同可实现锈斑分布的定量计算,混凝土护筋能力排序为C55>C50S>C50>C40。     

关于公路工程环境监理中定量监测的探讨

以广州绕城高速公路环境监理典型示范工程为例,阐述高速公路工程环境监理中开展定量监测的必要性,提出公路环境监理的定量监测指标和分析方法,不但对广州绕城高速公路施工期环境监理工作的开展具有指导作用,而且对其他公路建设项目施工期的环境监理工作具有借鉴意义。     

山区高等级公路选线的几点认识

根据山岭区的特点提出了对山岭区高等级公路选线的几点认识,总结了在山区高等级公路选线过程中应注重的几个问题。