虚拟环境选线系统中的知识表达模式

知识表达模式是虚拟环境选线设计系统实现智能功能的关键部分。本文首先从分析铁路线路走向选择的相关因素入手 ,探讨了选线领域知识的体系结构。在分析领域知识特点的基础上 ,提出面向对象类规则知识表达模式 ,并将此方法用于表达铁路选线设计领域知识。实例证明 ,本文提出的类规则知识表达模式 ,将产生式规则知识表达法与面向对象技术相结合 ,在知识表达方面能有效灵活地表达铁路选线领域的决策类知识     

舰船系统级电磁兼容性要求

舰船是最复杂、电磁环境最恶劣的武器装备，需要建立全面、系统、合理系统级电磁兼容性要求。在美军标MIL-STD-464A《系统电磁环境效应要求》的基础上，对适应于舰船系统级电磁兼容性要求的试验评估方案进行了初浅的探讨，借此以推动系统级电磁兼容性评价方法的系统化、规范化的研究。     

黄河潼关-三门峡段航运开发与展望

回顾黄河潼三段航运历史,分析规划中的航运工程在国民经济中的地位和作用,并结合黄河潼三段航运实施后可能出现的水质影响,提出具体保护措施。     

铜陵顺安河港航工程影响评价

结合铜陵顺安河港口航道工程项目,探讨了港航工程项目影响评价的范围界定和主要指标选择。评价结果表明,铜陵顺安河港航工程对水利、水运、交通布局、农业、经济、环境起到了良好的促进作用,综合社会效益显著。     

京九线赣南路段环境放射性本底水平的研究

铁路承运稀土等放射性矿物的监测核查工作在全路已开展多年 ,为掌握放射性物质运输前环境放射性的本底资料 ,对途经稀土之乡尚未正式承运放射性物质的京九线赣南路段进行了铁路线路和站场环境的放射性本底调查。通过现场测试和实验研究 ,新修京九线赣南段线路和站场土壤中放射性比活度为总α平均 0 6 8～ 3 2 3× 10 3Bq·kg- 1 ,总 β平均 0 4 3～ 0 6 7× 10 3Bq·kg- 1 。水中总放射性比活度为总α平均 0 0 36～ 0 12 1Bq·L- 1 ,总 β平均0 0 8～ 0 2 3Bq·L- 1 。氡及氡子体为子体 (潜能 )浓度平均3 6 4～ 8 15× 10 - 8J·m- 3,氡浓度平均 14 1～ 2 9 0Bq·M- 3,2 1 884 Po(RaA)浓度平均 0 10～ 0 18Bq·m- 3。站场环境γ照射量率平均为 5 2～ 7 7× 10 - 9C·(kg·h) - 1 (μR·h- 1 )。站场表面放射性活度平均为α 0 0 2～ 0 0 7Bq·cm- 2 ,β 0 0 3～ 1 0Bq·cm- 2 。属于一般本底范围 ,所得本底资料 ,可为今后评价稀土运输对环境放射性水平的影响创造条件     

地铁车站环控系统设计中的一些想法

研究目的:目前在地铁设计中,设计的新风量及空调负荷基本按30年后的远期标准设计,这就造成了能 源的浪费,本文对此进行了分析,提出了一些改进方法,推荐一些新技术,以达到节能目的? 研究方法:(1)新风量按CO2浓度进行控制,新风单独处理;(2)空调负担由2组空调机分别控制,一组负担 固定的冷负荷,一组负担变动的冷负荷;(3)推荐有条件车站可采用冰蓄冷及地源热泵。 研究结论:(1)调节新风量降低了新风负荷;(2)对可变空调冷负荷进行调节,节约了能耗;(3)地下站采用冰 蓄冷系统可减少电容量40％,高架车站采用地源热泵机组比变冷媒流量多联机可减少电耗30％。     

虚拟环境内部的数据变换和融合研究

虚拟环境（ＶＥ）是一个融合了多维信息数据以产生沉浸感,投入感的仿真环境,为交互ＶＥ中的虚拟对象,需经过一系旬的几何变换,研究了ＶＥ中各种坐标系的几何变换过程,重点探讨了手空间,立体视觉与虚拟空间的数据融合,保证了人机交互的协调性,而且,就上述理论环境,给出了具体的实例,验证了ＶＥ内部的数据融合了关系。     

Do parking standards matter? Evaluating the London parking reform with a matched-pair approach

Minimum parking standards, which require developers to build a certain amount of off-street parking spaces, are increasingly criticized for leading to excess parking supply and automobile travel in recent years. However, due to the difficulty in identifying the policy effect, few empirical studies have directly and accurately estimated the effects of parking standards on parking supply. The present study examines a parking reform in London, UK, where minimum parking standards for residential developments were replaced with maximum standards in the early 2000s. Using planning application records, we match neighboring pre-reform and post-reform developments to estimate the effect of the parking standard switch and further identify the “binding” and “capping” effects of minimum and maximum parking standards. It is found that the parking reform in London has led to a reduction of approximately 0.76 parking spaces per unit in residential development applications, or 49% of the pre-reform level. Minimum parking standards seem to have a larger impact than maximum ones on parking supply that fell more upon inner city developments, while maximum parking standards have more influenced suburban neighborhoods. Market forces have played a major role in the decline of parking supply. The findings provide strong evidence for the market distortion effect of minimum parking standards.     

Effectiveness of using variable message signs to disseminate dynamic traffic information: Evidence from field trails in European cities

Variable message signs (VMS) can provide up‐to‐date traffic information and guidance to drivers through electronic signs at the roadside. The paper draws together the results from VMS field trials conducted in nine cities as part of European Union‐sponsored research projects carried out between 1994 and 1999. The projects followed common guidelines in carrying out field trial evaluations, which has enabled generalized findings to be made on the impacts of the different VMS applications. The main emphasis in the paper is on drivers' reactions to VMS and the impacts of VMS on road network efficiency. Results are reported for four different types of traffic information. For incident messages, it is not only the severity of the problem reported that influences the level of diversions, but also other factors such as the specific location mentioned and the availability of viable alternative routes to avoid the problem location. For route guidance information, it is demonstrated that substantial diversions occur when the route advice differs from that given normally. For continuous information describing the traffic state on a major route, information increases the use of the major route and reduces use of alternative routes if there are no traffic problems reported on the major route. Travel time information was well regarded by drivers and found to be effective in inducing route changes. In general, the deployments of VMS to inform drivers of traffic conditions have proved successful in terms of improving network travel times and reducing environmental impacts. Whilst such changes have been relatively small, driver perception of the benefits is much higher. This is potentially very significant in terms of the role that VMS can play in the development of integrated transport strategies, as the provision of information may encourage greater acceptance of a range of demand management measures.     

航道疏浚中悬浮泥沙对海水水质和海洋生物影响的数值研究

航道疏浚产生的高浓度悬浮泥沙,对海域环境的影响不能忽视,建立二维悬浮物运输数学模型,模型考虑了不同潮流作用下悬浮物的运输。采用盘锦港海港区海流现场的观测数据对水动力模型进行验证,模拟值与实测值吻合较好。以盘锦港航道工程为例,预测疏浚作业在最不利情况下,悬浮泥沙对海水水质、环境敏感区的影响程度和范围,为环境影响评价提供科学依据。