Operating costs in Norwegian toll companies: a panel data analysis

The objective of this paper is to ease the planning of new toll projects by providing estimates of operating costs, and to help us make better informed decisions about the design of toll collection systems. To do so we use panel data for Norwegian toll companies to estimate average cost functions. The main results can be summarised as follows. We provide evidence of very important unexploited economies of scale. The estimated cost curves are very steep for traffic levels below the sample mean, and become almost entirely flat over a wide range above the sample mean. A higher share of vehicles using on board units will significantly reduce average costs. Competitive tendering will significantly reduce average operating costs by as much as 25%. Our results also suggest that increased number of lanes, higher debt and passenger charging will increase average operating costs whereas average operating costs are lower for toll cordons compared with other projects.

A new approach to evaluating on-road public transport priority projects: balancing the demand for limited road-space

Despite widespread growth in on-road public transport priority schemes, road management authorities have few tools to evaluate the impacts of these schemes on all road users. This paper describes a methodology developed in Melbourne, Australia to assist the road management authority, VicRoads, evaluate trade-offs in the use of its limited road-space for new bus and tram priority projects. The approach employs traffic micro-simulation modelling to assess road-space re-allocation impacts, travel behaviour modelling to assess changes in travel patterns and a social cost benefit framework to evaluate impacts. The evaluation considers a comprehensive range of impacts including the environmental benefits of improved public transport services. Impacts on public transport reliability improvements are also considered. Although improved bus and tram reliability is a major rationale for traffic priority its use in previous evaluations is rare. The paper critiques previous approaches, describes the proposed method and explores some of the results found in its application. A major finding is that despite a more comprehensive approach to measuring the benefits of bus and tram priority, road-space reallocation is difficult to economically justify in road networks where public transport usage is low and car usage high. Strategies involving the balanced deployment of bus and tram priority measures where the allocation of time and space to PT minimises negative traffic impacts is shown to improve the overall management of road-space. A discussion of the approach is also provided including suggestions for further methodology development.

浅谈如何防止道路翻浆、冻胀的发生

详细的分析了引发道路发生冻胀、翻浆的原因,并提出了一些合理的处治方法。     

粉煤灰应用于路面基层的研究

以沈海电厂排放的粉煤灰为研究对象,对其各个方面的路用性能进行了系统的室内试验研究。试验表明加入早强剂后的粉煤灰具有较高的早期强度和水稳定性,可以将之应用于中、低等级公路路面基层或底基层中。     

乳化沥青在道路养护中的应用

详细论述了应用乳化沥青进行路面养护及发展情况,举例说明了乳液的生产情况、乳液的配方、乳液的各种撒布和乳液在道路养护中的应用情况。     

半主动悬架磁流变液减振器研究

针对Passat B5轿车前悬架,开发了双筒滑阀式磁流变液减振器,提出了簧载质量的绝对速度及其与非簧载质量间的相对运动速度估计算法,利用实测悬架参数和磁流变液减振器的非线性阻尼力特性,建立了带磁流变液减振器的半主动悬架模型。沥青路面试验结果表明:相对于被动悬架,采用磁流变液半主动悬架后车辆平顺性改善大于10%。     

掺Sasobit~的温拌沥青混合料路用性能试验研究

温拌沥青混合料是一种节能环保型路面新材料,在室内对掺sasobit添加剂的温拌沥青混合料的路用性能与普通热拌沥青混合料进行了对比试验研究,结果显示：掺Sasobit的温拌沥青混合料的拌和与压实温度比普通热拌沥青混合料降低30℃时,具有与普通热拌沥青混合料相同甚至更好的路用性能,具有明显的经济和社会效益;拌和与压实温度的降低,混合料发生水损害的可能性会增加,建议采用添加抗剥落剂等方法来改善掺Sasobit的温拌沥青混合料的水稳定性;此外,Sasobit掺量过多会对混合料低温抗裂性能有不利影响。     

ADAS系统实车道路测试路线方案研究

ADAS系统车辆在进行真实道路实车测试时,对其测试路线进行有效选择和制定是ADAS系统车辆道路测试亟需突破的问题之一。文章基于对ADAS系统环境感知技术的分析,考虑道路交通安全影响因素,提出了ADAS系统车辆测试的道路场景分类及路线选取原则,为提高道路测试效率和效果提供支持。     

基于路面自动识别的ABS自适应神经模糊控制器仿真研究

有效、快速的道路状况自动识别对于提高ABS性能具有重要意义。通过仿真试验分析,提出了一种比传统方法更快更高效的路面识别方法,并设计了以滑移率为控制目标的ABS模糊神经网络控制器。结合车辆模型熏对单一附着系数路面和变附着系数路面进行了ABS制动模拟试验。结果表明熏基于路面自动识别ABS模糊控制系统能快速、准确判断出路面状况的变化熏自动调整、优化控制器控制参数熏使车辆获得最大地面制动力,与传统利用车身加速度进行路面识别的逻辑门限控制器相比,该控制器反应更灵敏,控制更精确。     

北京市京新沙阳路桥积水点治理方案研究

针对北京市海淀区京新沙阳路桥地段遇降雨极易产生积水情况，采用历史降雨和积水资料进行调查分析和流域地形分析，最终分析出积水原因的研究技术路线，并以问题为导向，在尊重和维持原自然排水系统的原则下，制定出积水治理方案。