砂石路养护机械化配置方案

简要叙述了目前国内砂石道路的使用状况及主要病害后，就砂石路面养护机械化的作业范围，提出了以县级及下属养护工区为主体的砂石路养护工作的具体内容及其详尽的养护机械配置方案。     

Fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control for the automobiles’ active suspension system

Two typical criteria for good vehicle suspension performance are their ability to provide good road handling and increased passenger comfort. The main disturbance affecting these two criteria is terrain irregularities. Active suspension control systems reduce these undesirable effects by isolating car body motion from vibrations at the wheels. This paper describes fuzzy and adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) schemes for the automobile active suspension system (ASS). The design objective is to provide smooth vertical motion so as to achieve the road holding and riding comfort over a wide range of road profiles. The efficacy of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated via simulations. With respect to the optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR), it is shown that superior results have been achieved by the AFC.     

The future of road safety: A worldwide perspective

Estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that, on a yearly basis, road crashes kill 1.25 million people—nearly 3400 road fatalities per day—and injure up to 50 million. Traffic injuries are not equally spread over the world, however; some countries are hit harder than others, and the chance of being killed in a road crash depends on where one lives. Almost 90% of all traffic casualties occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Globally, the number of fatalities per 100,000 population (mortality rate) ranges from less than 3 to almost 40. The rate is less than 9 in high-income countries (HIC) but averages around 20 in LMIC, with the African region demonstrating the highest rate (26.6). While road safety trends have been positive in HIC over the last few decades, trends in LMIC are not telling a positive story: road fatalities are expected to increase to almost 2 million road fatalities per year by 2020.The United Nations has adopted several resolutions on road safety and proposes actions to tackle the global road safety crisis. Considering the current level of road safety to be unacceptable, the UN has taken several initiatives. One effort, the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020, has generated substantial activity around the world over the last couple of years. Furthermore, it is very encouraging that the UN included road safety in the Sustainable Development Goals that it laid out in September 2015. Road safety is part of the public health agenda and the urban development agenda. Measured in “real actions,” however, the responses so far from the overall global community and individual countries do not suggest that we are already on the right track to bringing down the death toll on roads.The future of road safety is uncertain and definitely not the same for all regions of the world. Countries with a mature road safety approach and an ambition to make further progress are expected to move in the direction of a pro-active approach: a Safe System approach. It is reported that many LMIC, meanwhile, are on the brink of designing road safety strategies and implementing action plans. The international community is willing to support LMIC, but LMIC cannot simply copy successful HIC strategies because local circumstances differ. The principles of successful HIC strategies are applicable, but the priorities and action plans should take root in and align with local conditions.     

时速160 km及以上客货共线铁路主要工程标准研究

目前建成的时速200 km的客货共线铁路,在实际运营中一般采用客(动车组)货不见面或降速至160 km/h速度的运营组织方式,因此对于今后类似项目是否还有必要按时速200 km客货共线铁路建设存在一定争议。通过调研、参考在建及运营项目,结合现行规范、标准及实际运营项目运输经验,对时速160 km、时速160 km(预留200 km)、时速200 km三类方案选用的主要技术标准进行详细汇总和对比分析,提出部分研究思路和实施建议,为后续类似项目速度目标值标准选用提供借鉴。研究结论为:项目初期就应结合项目特点、沿线客货运量需求、相邻路网构成、地形地貌等因素对速度目标值方案进行综合比选确定。     

公路行业提升文化建设内涵的方法研究

文章针对当前公路行业在文化建设方面的不足，从保护弘扬行业传统、创新行业文化建设的方法、帮助行业提升软实力、加强全国行业文化建设指导等四个方面探讨了提升公路文化建设内涵的途径。     

广西电子口岸建设与应用

广西凭祥市友谊关口岸是广西连接越南最主要的陆路口岸。文章介绍了广西电子口岸联检核放系统的主要特点、总体结构和运行准备工作,分析了系统管理流程及优缺点,并对广西电子口岸建设当前所取得的经验进行了总结。     

An analysis of alcohol and drug intake in forensic autopsy cases of traffic fatalities

The numbers of traffic accidents and its associated mortalities are decreasing every year in Japan. However, there continue to be cases of deaths and injuries caused by malicious driving including drunk driving. The forensic autopsy of traffic accident victims is important to determine the cause of death as well as the responsibility of traffic accidents. In this study, we investigated the cases of forensic autopsies related to traffic accidents, reported between 2013 and 2017, at the Department of Legal Medicine of Tokyo Women's Medical University. In this period, 22 autopsies were performed for traffic accidents; however, only 6 of them were associated with alcohol consumption. Most traffic accidents occurred during the night, and in one case, the victim was found lying on the road. Furthermore, there were 4 cases in which drugs in the blood or urine of the victim were detected; however, the actual relationship with the cause of death and traffic accident was not identified. It was also found necessary to take measures against pedestrian drinking. Moreover, only a few drugs led to a decrease in driving ability, highlighting the necessity of further data is necessary to provide insights into the type of drug consumed and the cause of accident.     

高速公路路面病害维修方案分析

文章结合津汕高速公路滨博路段工程维修实例,从设计与环境、施工、材料等方面分析了高速公路路面病害的成因,提出了针对车辙、裂缝、坑槽、龟裂、桥面推移和伸缩缝水泥混凝土破裂等路面病害的维修方案。     

德尔菲法在边坡支挡设计方案优选中的应用

针对边坡支挡设计前期信息少且设计方案影响因素多的问题,提出用德尔菲法优选边坡支挡方案的新方法。以昆洛线K1+440～+780边坡为例,聘请15位专家,经两轮征询,对边坡支挡稳定性、造价、工期、结构耐久性、对环境影响和施工安全6项方案优选的权重进行了研究,应用加权求和法得到方案的优劣排序。研究结果表明:优选方案与实际相符,可为工程设计提供重要依据。     

城市水下隧道最小埋深的设计方法研究

基于城市水下隧道环境条件的特殊性,以长沙市营盘路湘江隧道为依托,提出水下隧道最小埋深的设计标准流程:首先,在对日本经验法、挪威经验法和顶水采煤法等工程经验法分析的基础上,提出隧道最小埋深的初始值;然后,通过线路纵断面的拟定,并结合典型隧道工程类比,不断调整该初始值;最后,结合数值分析法的验算结果,确定隧道最小埋深的合理...