微表处在高速公路路面预防性养护中的应用研究

微表处是高速公路沥青路面养护的一种有效的预防性养护措施.因其开放交通快、可修补车辙、抗滑性能好等优点,在我国多条高速公路养护中得到应用.微表处技术的应用受到诸多因素的影响,分析了微表处的适用范围,介绍了微表处的材料选择及施工工艺,讨论了施工中质量的控制及出现问题的解决方法.     

浅谈路基路面的排水设计

公路的排水系统是由地表排水、地下排水、路面内部排水等几部分组成的综合排水系统,从路基排水和路面排水两部分阐述了各种排水设计的适用条件.     

车辆超载作用对路面的影响分析

利用Matlab软件编制程序,对车辆超载问题进行了仿真,分析了由于路面不平整度引起的车辆动荷载和动荷载系数变化规律,得到车辆超载率与车辆动荷载和动荷载系数之间的关系。为路面设计和车辆与路面之间的相互作用提供了理论基础。     

A list of accident scenarios for three legs skewed intersections

The term ‘scenario’ is used in the safety field to designate a prototype or a model of an accident process characterised by chains of facts, actions, causal relations and consequences in terms of damage to people and property. The prototypical scenarios, properly realized, provide a basis on which to consider the action to be taken, but also a concrete backup for accident information for use in information campaigns or training. The objective of this study is to define the prototypical accident scenarios for a particular configuration of road intersection: the skewed intersection. Limited sight distance at skewed intersections leads to safety issues. A non-skewed intersection provides the best operating conditions as drivers can easily sense the direction in which they are travelling, estimate the speeds of the opposing traffic and smoothly complete a maneuver in shorter time. In skewed intersections, instead, the ability of drivers to recognize any conflicting vehicles diminishes in comparison to right-angle intersections. The logical-deductive approach used in this paper for the determination of accident scenarios is based on an analysis of a large database of incidents, which occurred on several roads in eastern Sicily on 35 skewed intersections at three-legs. The skew angle of the minor leg of all the intersections studied is between 15° and 20°. This research allowed to develop accident scenarios related to particular configurations of intersections, compatible with the Italian rules. Prototypical scenarios are constructed using samples of accidents occurring on a particular type of study area, especially when they are based on files from in-depth investigations. The method used is an inductive approach, based on an examination of each case, grouping together similar cases and building a prototypical scenario using this case grouping. From the in-depth analysis of database accidents 9 prototypical accident scenarios have been identified for the skewed intersections.     

Factors with the greatest influence on drivers' judgment of roundabouts safety. An analysis based on web survey in Italy

The aim of this paper is to identify the roundabout geometric characteristics affecting the safety perception while the typical maneuvers (entry, circulation, exit) are being carried out. The tool used was an on-line questionnaire, filled out by about 1.650 respondents. Four different dimensionality reduction methods (Cluster Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis) were used to analyze the data collected from the survey, in order to examine the key factors affecting the safety perception during the typical roundabout maneuvers. The considerations arising from the final model are the following: 1) the respondents' opinions regarding the safety perception of maneuvers are not preconceived ideas, but they originate from specific safety perceptions due to roundabout geometric configurations; 2) the users prefer definitely single lane roundabouts; this is an important confirmation of most results in the literature; 3) it was quantified the extent of the relationship between the safety perception of the typical roundabout maneuvers and the following aspects: a) maneuver type, b) geometric characteristics of the roundabouts design elements. This is the innovative aspect of the present research whose results have implications regarding theory, infrastructure and the application of new safety technologies.     

基于山区复杂路段下的车辆主动限速控制系统研究

山区复杂路段交通事故频发,行车安全问题亟待解决,因此研究该路段下的主动限速控制技术具有重要意义。本文阐述了主动限速控制系统的原理与构成,并且对车辆的运行安全车速进行了分析与建模,提出了主动限速的控制策略。最后通过对该系统软硬件进行了调试,初步验证了其可行性比较合理,能够指导驾驶人的行车安全。     

碎石化旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青层技术研究

以长张高速公路益常段旧水泥混凝土路面改造工程为依托,简述旧水泥混凝土路面碎石化技术;通过建立计算模型,比较共振碎石化、多锤头碎石化及冲击破裂稳固3种破碎(破裂)情况下加铺沥青层结构的加铺层层底拉应力及相对弯沉比情况,表明共振破碎后原路基整体强度优于多锤头碎石化技术。     

非接触式遥感路面状态检测预警系统研究与应用

为了实现道路路面状态检测和预警,自主开发了非接触式遥感路面状态检测预警系统。采用红外遥感和多光谱测量技术,以路面温度、空气湿度及水或冰或雪的厚度和透光率等参数为核心,对系统技术原理和算法、数据分析处理和控制及数据传输等关键技术进行了研究。通过水、冰及雪对3个波长光的不同吸光系数,确定了路面覆盖物的类型,计算了水、冰及雪的厚度。经多次现场测试数据验证,测试结果准确可靠,各项功能和性能满足实际要求。该系统已在中国多条高速公路中成功应用,为交管部门实施交通预警及疏导方案提供了数据依据,极大地提高了应对突发天气状况的及时性和准确性,有力保障了道路交通安全,取得了显著的安全效益和社会经济效益,具有广泛的推广应用前景。     

沥青路面弯沉指标的探讨

弯沉是我国沥青路面设计和施工质量控制中通常使用的一个技术指标。近些年来,随着我国沥青路面结构形式的变化,以及美国MEPDG设计方法的影响,国内学术界对弯沉指标产生了不同的看法。为此,从路面结构承载能力角度出发,对弯沉指标的力学含义、工程意义以及设计价值等问题进行探讨,同时,结合我国半刚性基层沥青路面使用状况,分析了弯沉指标对路面使用性能评价的作用,并初步探讨了半刚性基层沥青路面结构的耐久性问题。最终指出,完善弯沉设计指标是完善沥青路面力学经验设计方法的有效途径。     

水泥混凝土路面的温度梯度日极值预估

温度梯度的大小受外界环境如气温、辐射、风雨等因素的影响较为显著,基于大同、宁波、广州三个气象观测站近一年的气象、路面温度等数据的采集分析,引入前一日的太阳辐射数据(Q-1)作为预估模型的参数,提高了前人基于气象参数对水泥混凝土路面日温度梯度最大值的预估模型的精度;采用路面表层温度这一较容易获取的温度数据(包括路表日最高温度Ts,max与路表日最低温度Ts,min)对标准厚度路面的日最大温度梯度进行预估的模型;引进路面温度梯度日振幅ΔTg这一概念,提出路面日温度梯度最小值与日温度梯度最大值之间的指数关系。