Benchmarking road safety performance by grouping local territories: A study in the Netherlands

The method of benchmarking provides an opportunity to learn from better performing territories to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of activities in a particular field of interest. Such a field of interest could be road safety. Road safety benchmarking can include several indicators, ranging from performance indicated by crash statistics, to indicators that also account for consequences in costs or the underlying state of the road safety system and relevant organisation and processes at actor level. The structure and culture of a territory is identified as a basic context of road safety performance. This is regarded as important information to use in grouping of territories to get more homogenous or equal and comparable conditions to learn from ‘the best in class’.The main aim of this study is to assess the usability of different groupings using the physical structure for benchmarking road safety performance at local territorial level. A traditional grouping of municipalities in the Netherlands was compared with a simple grouping of these municipalities based on their level of urbanisation and an advanced grouping in which more indicators such as differences in demography, growth and road structure were taken into account. As in other studies, urbanisation showed to be the most predominant structural factor for grouping local territories and related to differences in road safety performance. However, if information would be needed for specific target groups, other factors like age and gender distribution or the distribution of the road network can provide valuable additional insight and better homogenous starting points for benchmarking. Especially benchmarking of rural territories may profit from such extra distinctive characteristics.     

基于广西旅游业的道路客运发展探析

文章针对广西道路旅客运输的现状及广西道路客运企业发展旅游业的优越条件,以＂运游结合＂为切入点,介绍以快捷优质的客运服务带动＂慢旅游＂道路客运企业发展旅游业的新模式,对采取＂运游结合＂经营模式,提高服务质量,发展＂慢旅游＂提出了相关的建议。     

Solving a discrete multimodal transportation network design problem

This paper investigates the multimodal network design problem (MMNDP) that optimizes the auto network expansion scheme and bus network design scheme in an integrated manner. The problem is formulated as a single-level mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC). The decision variables, including the expanded capacity of auto links, the layout of bus routes, the fare levels and the route frequencies, are transformed into multiple sets of binary variables. The layout of transit routes is explicitly modeled using an alternative approach by introducing a set of complementarity constraints. The congestion interaction among different travel modes is captured by an asymmetric multimodal user equilibrium problem (MUE). An active-set algorithm is employed to deal with the MPCC, by sequentially solving a relaxed MMNDP and a scheme updating problem. Numerical tests on nine-node and Sioux Falls networks are performed to demonstrate the proposed model and algorithm.     

The impact of road grade on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of a passenger vehicle in real-world driving

To accurately estimate real-world vehicle emission at 1 Hz the road grade for each second of data must be quantified. Failure to incorporate road grade can result in over or underestimation of a vehicle’s power output and hence cause inaccuracy in the instantaneous emission estimate. This study proposes a simple LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) – GIS (Geographic Information System) road grade estimation methodology, using GIS software to interpolate the elevation for each second of data from a Digital Terrain Map (DTM). On-road carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from a passenger car were recorded by Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) over 48 test laps through an urban-traffic network. The test lap was divided into 8 sections for micro-scale analysis. The PHEM instantaneous emission model (Hausberger, 2003) was employed to estimate the total CO₂ emission through each lap and section. The addition of the LiDAR-GIS road grade to the PHEM modelling improved the accuracy of the CO₂ emission predictions. The average PHEM estimate (with road grade) of the PEMS measured section total CO₂ emission (n = 288) was 93%, with 90% of the PHEM estimates between 80% and 110% of the PEMS recorded value. The research suggests that instantaneous emission modelling with LiDAR-GIS calculated road grade is a viable method for generating accurate real-world micro-scale CO₂ emission estimates. The sensitivity of the CO₂ emission predictions to road grade was also tested by lessening and exaggerating the gradient profiles, and demonstrates that assuming a flat profile could cause considerable error in real-world CO₂ emission estimation.     

Public transportation development and traffic accident prevention in Indonesia

Traffic accidents have long been known as an iceberg for comprehending the discrepancies of traffic management and entire transportation systems. Figures detailing traffic accidents in Indonesia, as is the case in many other countries, show significantly high numbers and severity levels; these types of totals are also evident in Jakarta, the highest-populated city in the country. While the common consensus recognizes that traffic accidents are the results of three different factor types, namely, human factors, vehicle factors, and external factors (including road conditions), human factors have the strongest influence—and figures on a worldwide scale corroborate that assertion. We, however, try to pinpoint the issues of non-human factors in light of increasing traffic accidents in Indonesia, where motorbike accidents account for the majority of incidents. We then consider three important pillars of action: the development of public transportation, improvement of the road ratio, and traffic management measures.     

南宁市城市道路建设的影响因素分析

文章以南宁市“十二五”期间城市道路网建设规划为例,根据城市道路建设的影响因素类别,剖析并协调道路建设的重大影响因素,并通过指标测算确定了规划期内道路网建设的合理规模.     

上海嘉定新城低碳道路的构建

根据低碳城市建设需求与上海嘉定新城定位,针对嘉定新城道路,设计采用了温拌型排水性沥青路面、钢渣透水人行道、绿化储碳技术与灌溉节水技术,率先在嘉定新城的临泽路成功实施,构建了低碳道路,起到了较好的工程示范作用,下一步将在嘉定新城大面积推广应用。     

轮胎越野性能道路试验方法研究

本文研究了轮胎越野能力的道路试验方法及评价指标,并以某型轮胎进行了验证,结果证明了试验方法可行,评价指标有效.     

水泥混凝土路面碎石化应用研究

碎石化是一种旧水泥混凝土路面破碎处治技术,具有造价低廉、施工方便、节约资源等优点,可明显改善水泥混凝土路面的行车条件。同时,碎石化能够有效防止反射裂缝的破坏,具有很好的应用价值。     

一种新的道路交通安全综合评价方法

本文通过分析道路交通事故特点和道路交通安全影响因素,选取能够反映交通事故数量及严重程度的客观评价指标,应用最小欧氏距离法对各项指标进行层次分析,确定其权重值,建立了一套由定量指标构成的道路交通安全评价体系.针对现有评价方法的不足,本文结合投影理论对道路交通安全状况统计数据进行综合分析,提出了一种新的道路交通安全综合评价...