中国港口行业上市公司效率评价研究

选取员工人数、营业总成本、流动资产、非流动资产作为输入指标,以营业收入、利润总额为输出指标,利用DEA模型中的c2R模型、C2GS2模型以及DEA对抗交叉评价模型来对13家港口行业上市公司2008年数据进行评价,并针对评价的结果提出了改进建议.     

Dynamic charging infrastructure deployment for plug-in hybrid electric trucks

Inspired by the rapid development of charging-while-driving (CWD) technology, plans are ongoing in government agencies worldwide for the development of electrified road freight transportation systems through the deployment of dynamic charging lanes. This en route method for the charging of plug-in hybrid electric trucks is expected to supplement the more conventional charging technique, thus enabling significant reduction in fossil fuel consumption and pollutant emission from road freight transportation. In this study, we investigated the optimal deployment of dynamic charging lanes for plug-in hybrid electric trucks. First, we developed a multi-class multi-criteria user equilibrium model of the route choice behaviors of truck and passenger car drivers and the resultant equilibrium flow distributions. Considering that the developed user equilibrium model may have non-unique flow distributions, a robust deployment of dynamic charging lanes that optimizes the system performance under the worst-case flow distributions was targeted. The problem was formulated as a generalized semi-infinite min-max program, and a heuristic algorithm for solving it was proposed. This paper includes numerical examples that were used to demonstrate the application of the developed models and solution algorithms.     

Have Emission Control Areas (ECAs) harmed port efficiency in Europe?

Ports in the European Union and North America have enforced environmental regulations on controlling SO_x and NOx emissions from ships in their coastal areas known as Emission Control Areas (ECAs). This study uses two-stage approaches to examine whether ECA regulations impact the efficiency of ports operating in such areas. First, port efficiencies are estimated using non-radial slacks-based measure (SBM) Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. The efficiency scores estimated by the SBM DEA models are then regressed on explanatory variables, including the ECA factor, and macroeconomic indicators using bootstrapped truncated regression (BTR) models. Panel data is collected on countries in EU ECAs and non-ECAs regarding such input variables as capital and labor, with cargo as an output variable. The results indicate that ECA regulations can harm port efficiency, reflecting concerns of policy-makers and industrial managers: the average efficiency loss from an ECA designation amounts to 0.058–0.066 on a scale of 0–1, accounting for a 15–18% loss from ECA ports’ average efficiency scores.     

Model uncertainty and the management of a system of infrastructure facilities

The network-level infrastructure management problem involves selecting and scheduling maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MR&R) activities on networks of infrastructure facilities so as to maintain the level of service provided by the network in a cost-effective manner. This problem is frequently formulated as a Markov decision problem (MDP) solved via linear programming (LP). The conditions of facilities are represented by elements of discrete condition rating sets, and transition probabilities are employed to describe deterioration processes. Epistemic and parametric uncertainties not considered within the standard MDP/LP framework are associated with the transition probabilities used in infrastructure management optimization routines. This paper contrasts the expected costs incurred when model uncertainty is ignored with those incurred when this uncertainty is explicitly considered using robust optimization. A case study involving a network-level pavement management MDP/LP problem demonstrates how explicitly considering uncertainty may limit worst-case MR&R expenditures. The methods and results can also be used to identify the costs of uncertainty in transition probability matrices used in infrastructure management systems.     

数据包络分析模型与方法在船型方案排序择优中的应用

阐述了使用具有铭结构的DEA模型──C~2WH对有限方案多准则船型方案作有效性评判择优的原理和方法。针对船型论证，对C~2WH模型作了变换处理，使模型和方法更加筒明，且便于应用。算例表明，本文方法用于船型方案排序择优，不仅能继承以往DEA模型C~2R、C~2GS~2等体现出的使船型技术经济综合评判定量化的优点，还能较好地体现船舶设计者基于经验的偏好。     

基于PCA／DEA复合模型的客户忠诚度评价

在分析和构建一套合理的企业客户忠诚度评价指标体系的基础上,提出了一种基于PCA/DEA的企业客户忠诚度复合评价模型。实证结果表明,PCA/DEA复合评价模型不仅能够对企业客户忠诚度进行合理有效的评价,而且可以找到提高企业客户忠诚度的敏感因素,从而帮助企业改进客户关系管理策略。     

中国汽车制造业效率的经验研究

本文利用数据包络分析中的CCR模型,对我国汽车制造行业效率问题进行了研究.研究表明,我国汽车制造行业整体效率偏低,企业间效率差异较大,外资企业和规模较大企业效率较高.本文最后分析了其形成原因,并提出了提高我国汽车行业资源配置效率的政策建议.     

基于DEA的列车运行安全评价

实现列车运行安全是一个比较复杂的课题,牵涉面广、工作难度大。现阶段,安全现状评价的方法主要有层次分析法、安全检查表法和事故树分析法。但是它们在评价安全现状时都存在不同的缺陷,因此,文中提出采用DEA进行列车运行安全评价,并通过实例分析证明,该方法实用简单,能够为铁路管理部门在制定制度或进行职工培训时提供参考。