Bicycling renaissance in North America? An update and re-appraisal of cycling trends and policies

This paper reviews trends in cycling levels, safety, and policies in Canada and the USA over the past two decades. We analyze aggregate data for the two countries as well as city-specific case study data for nine large cities (Chicago, Minneapolis, Montréal, New York, Portland, San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver, and Washington). Cycling levels have increased in both the USA and Canada, while cyclist fatalities have fallen. There is much spatial variation and socioeconomic inequality in cycling rates. The bike share of work commuters is more than twice as high in Canada as in the USA, and is higher in the western parts of both countries. Cycling is concentrated in central cities, especially near universities and in gentrified neighborhoods near the city center. Almost all the growth in cycling in the USA has been among men between 25-64 years old, while cycling rates have remained steady among women and fallen sharply for children. Cycling rates have risen much faster in the nine case study cities than in their countries as a whole, at least doubling in all the cities since 1990. They have implemented a wide range of infrastructure and programs to promote cycling and increase cycling safety: expanded and improved bike lanes and paths, traffic calming, parking, bike-transit integration, bike sharing, training programs, and promotional events. We describe the specific accomplishments of the nine case study cities, focusing on each city’s innovations and lessons for other cities trying to increase cycling. Portland’s comprehensive package of cycling policies has succeeded in raising cycling levels 6-fold and provides an example that other North American cities can follow.     

基于管片错台的通缝拼装盾构隧道纵向变形安全评估

以上海软土地区通缝拼装地铁盾构隧道为研究对象,根据隧道管片环缝接头处的详细构造,对管片错台模式下的隧道纵向变形进行了研究,建立了隧道纵向结构变形安全评估方法,确定了相应的控制准则和评估流程,形成了一套隧道结构纵向变形的安全评估体系.     

FSA在青岛港港口水域通航安全评估中的应用

在规范化安全评估(FSA)的框架下,本文利用模糊数学理论对船舶在港口水域中的通航安全进行了科学有效的评估,评估结果能够很好地反映船舶在港口水域航行的安全状况。这对减少船舶事故、促进港口通航效率都具有十分重要的意义。     

珠江桥的整体稳定分析

稳定分析是斜拉桥设计的重要组成部分。珠江桥稳定分析按特征值屈曲问题处理,采用整体有限元分析模型,分析了施工、运营4个工况。计算结果表明珠江桥主桥在施工及运营阶段均不会发生整体失稳。     

山区避险车道设计研究

结合张涿高速设计对山区公路长下坡的避险车道设计进行探讨,提出避险车道对于提高道路安全性能的重要性。     

某大跨石拱桥水淹状态结构验算及加固处理

文章以酉阳龚滩大桥为背景,采用桥梁结构有限元计算模型模拟分析库区石拱桥在蓄水后处于部分水淹状态下的结构安全性,并结合桥梁加固理论,对石拱桥的拱圈、拱脚及桥台提出相应的混凝土补强、植筋等加固措施,以提高其承载能力。     

浅谈高速公路路面施工安全管理方法

文章通过分析当前高速公路路面施工安全状况,划分高速公路路面施工危险区域,找出存在的危险控制点,确定项目重大危险源。同时针对项目施工主要危险区域及危险控制点,提出了高速公路路面现场施工安全管理方法。     

桥梁爆破拆除的安全性监控研究

文章针对百林桥爆破拆除施工实例,介绍了桥梁爆破施工的安全性监控意义及方法,阐述了桥梁爆破过程中相关参数的理论验算方法和地震波动力监控情况,并通过验算分析炸药量、安全距离、飞石距离、振动速度及频率,探讨了爆破安全参数的合理性和周边建筑结构物安全性。     

浅谈站后机电专业设计的安全管理

针对7.23事故后站后机电专业安全质量大检查发现的普遍问题,提出了设计日常安全管理的重点和思路。     

Why do some motorbike riders wear a helmet and others don’t? Evidence from Delhi,India

Road traffic accident fatalities lead to important private and social costs in the metropolitan areas of most low and middle income countries. An important share of these fatalities is due to injuries to the head and the neck. Helmets can provide efficient protection, but many drivers do not use them. We focus on helmet use behavior among motorbike users in Delhi. We use a detailed data set collected for the purpose of the study. To guide our empirical analysis, we rely on a model in which drivers decide on self-protection and self-insurance. The empirical findings suggest that risk-averse drivers are more likely to wear a helmet and that this has no systematic effect on speed. Helmet use also increases with education. Drivers who show a higher awareness of road risks seem to be both more likely to wear a helmet and to speed less. Controlling for risk awareness, we observe that drivers tend to compensate between speed and helmet use. The results can provide a basis for awareness-raising policies. They also show that improvements to the road infrastructure risk leading to risk-compensating behavior.