Hypothetical bias in Stated Choice Experiments: Is it a problem? And if so,how do we deal with it?

The extent to which Stated Choice (SC) experiments suffer from hypothetical bias continues to be a controversial topic in the literature. This research provides further evidence in this debate by examining the existence of hypothetical bias in a transport-related SC experiment. Data for this research were sourced from a University of Sydney study exploring the effect of exposure-based charging on motorist behaviour. The sample included 148 Sydney motorists who were recruited to take part in the 10-week GPS driving field study (Revealed Preference/RP data). In addition, participants were also required to complete an SC survey which was designed to mimic the RP decision context in order to capture what participants indicated they would do as opposed to what participants actually did in reaction to the charging regime.The current state of practice for measuring hypothetical bias in the literature is to compare aggregate differences in model outcomes using SC and RP data sources. Aggregate analysis is limited in its scope and does not allow for the calculation of the prevalence of hypothetical bias (i.e., how many participants are affected by hypothetical bias). This research is uniquely structured to allow for individual categorisation of hypothetical bias by comparing SC and RP data from the same sample for the direct purpose of investigating the prevalence of hypothetical bias. Furthermore, the extent to which mitigation techniques (cheap talk and certainty scales) influence hypothetical bias is also explored. The findings from this research show that the SC model estimates are prone to hypothetical bias and that the mitigation techniques have potential to compensate for this inherent bias.     

构造节理偏压对隧道结构安全性影响研究

密集的构造节理,容易在施工中引起掉块、片帮、剥落、坍塌等工程灾害,且容易使隧道初期支护结构处于偏压状态,对支护结构安全性十分不利。从隧道力学的基本理论出发,依据实测围岩压力值,建立荷载一结构模型,对隧道初支内力进行分析,计算其安全系数,评价粉质黏土段施工采用的初支结构的安全性。计算结果表明：构造节理偏压对隧道支护结构受力较为不利,围岩压力呈不对称分布时,初期支护抗拉安全性较差,需根据实际偏压情况适当加强初期支护参数。     

近距离深基坑偏压状态下的开挖技术

结合工程实例,介绍了A、B两个近距离相邻深基坑的开挖技术。在A基坑已开挖后,B基坑两侧受坑外水土压力不平衡的状态下,通过采取更换支撑形式、加固夹缝土体等技术措施,结合信息化监测手段,实现基坑的安全开挖及周边环境、管线的安全,为类似工程提供了借鉴。     

非偏压与偏压条件下浅埋隧道围岩压力的极限分析

考虑非偏压和偏压2种情况,根据泰沙基法采用的破坏模式、《公路隧道设计规范》采用的破坏模式以及实际的工程经验,针对浅埋隧道构建了一种更接近于实际情况、更加合理的、新的破坏模式;采用极限分析上限法推导出这种新破坏模式下浅埋隧道围岩压力的理论公式,并把理论公式转化成一个求围岩压力最大值问题的计算模型;结合算例,利用Matlab软件,采用序列二次规划算法对计算模型进行优化求解,并把优化解与已有的研究成果及基于极限平衡法计算得到的结果进行对比分析.研究结果表明:针对浅埋隧道,基于这种新的破坏模式采用极限分析上限法所得到的结果与已有的研究成果及基于极限平衡法计算得到的结果基本一致.不仅说明了运用极限分析上限法来研究浅埋隧道围岩压力的可行性,也验证了浅埋非偏压隧道和浅埋偏压隧道新破坏模式的合理性.     

简述凤凰岭隧道进口高边坡斜交进洞施工工法

忻州—阜平高速公路忻州至长城岭段凤凰岭隧道进口段（马家庄村）的进洞方案选择中,成功地解决了高边坡斜交进洞的难点,保证了安全,提前了工期,节约了成本,保护了生态。通过总结各施工难点,形成了本施工工法。     

完善概念模型,探究工程项目成本管理理念

工程项目成本控制是企业生存和发展的血脉系统,是企业通过高质量的生产管理水平提升市场竞争力的根基依赖。本文从项目成本控制的概念模型出发,探究了从工程预算到偏差控制的项目成本控制理念,并且从寻求能够实现工程项目成本控制的实效途径出发,提出了采用阶段性成本控制工作转化来优化成本控制主线的建议。     

洞口浅埋偏压隧道塌方处理施工技术

通过对渝湘高速公路平阳隧道出口端洞口浅埋偏压段塌方原因的分析,确定了合理的隧道塌方处理施工技术方案,采用封闭裂缝、适当清方、注浆加固稳定滑塌体、加长明洞回填反压、施工斜井加快稳定段隧道施工的综合治理措施,成功解决了隧道在浅埋、偏压地质条件下的塌方穿越问题。     

电网拓扑结构对地铁杂散电流分布特性研究

侵入变压器的杂散电流受列车工况、轨地过渡电阻、土壤结构和电网拓扑结构等的影响,探究杂散电流影响因素是防治地铁周边电力变压器直流偏磁的重要手段之一。为研究电网拓扑结构对侵入变压器的杂散电流的影响,构建地铁线路与电网回路动态耦合有限元模型。基于该模型,分析电网单回路与地铁线路不同相对位置在3种典型拓扑电网结构下,侵入变压器的杂散电流变化,仿真结果表明：在3种结构中,放射形结构受杂散电流影响程度最高,且随着电网回路数的增加,侵入电网中的杂散电流总量增多。此外,不论构成电网回路的两变压器处于地铁线路同侧或异侧,随着地铁线路与电网回路之间夹角的减小,侵入回路的杂散电流增大。     

Bias current influence on the characteristic of the magnetic-controlled switcher type fault current limiter

A novel magnetic-controlled switcher type fault current limiter (FCL) for high voltage electric network is presented. The current limiting principle of the FCL and the bias current influence on the characteristic of the FCL are discussed. The experiments on the 220 V/50 A test model show that the FCL can limit the fault current swiftly and effectively. Under the normal state, the bias current adjustment can change the FCL voltage loss; under the fault state, the steady fault current can be easily adjusted to the preset level by bias current regulating. The experimental result is in accordance with the principle analysis and the FCL has the advantages of flexible control strategy and simple and reliable structure. Foundation item: the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2005CB221505) and the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of High Education of China (No. 20050248058)     

基于改进RRT*算法的自动驾驶车辆路径规划研究

针对自动驾驶车辆,文章在交叉路口环境下提出了一种改进的快速搜索随机树(RRT*)路径规划算法。首先,对自动驾驶车辆的驾驶行为环境予以描述;其次,针对原始RRT*算法提出改进的目标偏向策略予以改善;进一步,对原始RRT*算法在交叉路口无效采样的问题,提出一种概率采样策略。基于Matlab/Simulink联合仿真平台构建相应环境使进行车辆直行驾驶,所规划路径长度为100.35m,仿真时长为5.71s。