c-SPSA: Cluster-wise simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm and its application to dynamic origin–destination matrix estimation

The simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm has been used in the literature for the solution of the dynamic origin–destination (OD) estimation problem. Its main advantage is that it allows quite general formulations of the problem that can include a wide range of sensor measurements. While SPSA is relatively simple to implement, its performance depends on a set of parameters that need to be properly determined. As a result, especially in cases where the gradient of the objective function changes quickly, SPSA may not be as stable and even diverge. A modification of the SPSA algorithm, referred to as c-SPSA, is proposed which applies the simultaneous perturbation approximation of the gradient within a small number of carefully constructed “homogeneous” clusters one at a time, as opposed to all elements at once. The paper establishes the theoretical properties of the new algorithm with an upper bound for the bias of the gradient estimate and shows that it is lower than the corresponding SPSA bias. It also proposes a systematic approach, based on the k-means algorithm, to identify appropriate clusters. The performance of c-SPSA, with alternative implementation strategies, is evaluated in the context of estimating OD flows in an actual urban network. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed c-SPSA algorithm in finding better OD estimates and achieve faster convergence and more robust performance compared to SPSA with fewer overall number of function evaluations.     

郝家里浅埋偏压隧道进洞施工方法探讨

结合郝家里隧道浅埋偏压进洞施工经验,总结了特殊地形条件下浅埋偏压隧道进洞施工方法,采用洞顶地表注浆加固及沟壁围岩导管注浆加固、局部施作反压墙、减小进洞施工断面、优化爆破设计的综合方案,施工效果良好,可给予类似工程一定借鉴。     

云台山公路隧道浅埋偏压段施工技术

针对云台山隧道洞口段浅埋偏压破碎围岩的实际情况,为提高围岩强度,保证其稳定性,改善隧道成拱的作用,提出了采用偏压挡土墙、地表小导管预注浆等技术处理措施。综合分析表明:注浆处理后,围岩完整程度和强度明显提高,采用偏压挡土墙后,保证了洞顶覆盖体稳定性,洞内围岩变形量较小,初期支护及二衬整体受力特征得到了很大改善,小导管预注浆等处理措施效果显著。     

浅埋偏压隧道拱顶持续下沉控制技术

合福高速铁路客运专线某一隧道存在整体浅埋偏压情况,同时在线路右侧40m处有一座800kV特高压铁塔.在施工过程中发现该隧道有拱顶持续下沉现象.由于涉及隧道及铁塔安全,从而受到业主、设计、监理的密切关注,成为合福铁路重点关注的风险隧道.介绍了该隧道的地质状况,分析了隧道拱顶下沉原因,并结合施工过程详细阐述了控制隧道拱顶下沉的办法和有效措施.处理浅埋偏压隧道拱顶沉降问题,要根据监控量测数据和不同的地质条件,以及施工能力,有针对性地选择施工方案,确定合理的控制措施.     

Quantitative analysis of probe data characteristics: Coverage,speed bias and congestion detection precision

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing desire for the use of probe vehicle technology for congestion detection and general infrastructure performance assessment. Unlike costly traditional data collection by loop detectors, wide area detection using probe-based traffic data is significantly different in terms of the nature of data collection, measurement technique, coverage, pricing, and so on. Although many researches have studied probe-based data, there remains critical questions such as data coverage and penetration over time, or the influential factors in the accuracy of probe data. This research studied probe-sourced data from INRIX, to profoundly explore some of these questions. First, to explore coverage and penetration, INRIX real-time data was illustrated temporally over the entire state of Iowa, demonstrating the growth in real-time data over a 4-year timespan. Furthermore, the availability of INRIX real-time and historical data based on type of road and time of day, were explored. Second, a comparison was made with Wavetronix smart sensors, commonly used sensors in traffic management, to explore INRIX’s speed data quality. A statistical analysis on the behavior of INRIX speed bias, identified some of the influential factors in defining the magnitude of speed bias. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of INRIX for congestion detection purposes was investigated based on the road segment characteristics and the congestion type. Overall, this work sheds light onto some of the less explored aspects of INRIX probe-based data to help traffic managers and decision makers in better understanding this source of data and any resultant analyses.     

硅微陀螺仪数字化温度补偿系统的实现

分析了温度影响陀螺零偏的机理,由温度实验得出硅微陀螺仪零偏与温度呈较复杂的非线性关系;根据实验数据拟合出零偏与温度在三个温度段内的数学表达式;设计了相应的温度补偿系统,该系统以新华龙C8051F363单片机为核心,根据实时测量的温度值经由拟合的多项式计算出各温度下的补偿值,将陀螺原始信号减去补偿值即可得到补偿后的陀螺信号.经温控实验测定,在-40℃-80℃的范围内,补偿后陀螺零偏随温度变化的趋势项基本被消除,且陀螺零偏减小了一个数量级,补偿效果明显.     

Mean shift registration algorithm for dissimilar sensors

The mean shift registration (MSR) algorithm is proposed to accurately estimate the biases for multiple dissimilar sensors. The new algorithm is a batch optimization procedure. The maximum likelihood estimator is used to estimate the target states, and then the mean shift algorithm is implemented to estimate the sensor biases. Monte Carlo simulations show that the MSR algorithm has significant improvement in performance with reducing the standard deviation and mean of sensor biased estimation error compared with the maximum likelihood registration algorithm. The quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis show that the MSR algorithm has less computation than the maximum likelihood registration method.     

大南山隧道浅埋偏压地段加固施工技术

在隧道工程施工中,隧道经常穿越浅埋偏压地段,以山西平定至阳曲高速公路大南山隧道为例,介绍大南山隧道浅埋偏压地段加固施工技术。     

锚泊船走锚过程的仿真研究

本文采用MMG建模的思想,在锚泊船偏荡运动的基础之上,建立了锚泊船走锚运动数学模型,研究了走锚后船舶的运动姿态;对风中锚泊船偏荡运动中船舶走锚数学模型的建立进行了初步探索,为今后进行更为完善的锚泊船走锚运动过程的仿真研究提供了借鉴。     

浅埋偏压段桥隧相接特殊洞门修建技术研究

以六安至武汉高速公路安徽段李集Ⅱ号隧道为背景,研究浅埋偏压段桥隧相接特殊洞门施工及相关力学特性。