Location planning for transit-based evacuation under the risk of service disruptions

The effectiveness of transit-based emergency evacuation highly depends on the location of pick-up facilities, resource allocation, and management. These facilities themselves are often subject to service disruptions during or after the emergency. This paper proposes a reliable emergency facility location model that determines both pre-emergency facility location planning and the evacuation operations afterwards, while facilities are subject to the risk of disruptions. We analyze how evacuation resource availability leverages individual evacuees’ response to service disruptions, and show how equilibrium of the evacuee arrival process could be reached at a functioning pick-up facility. Based on this equilibrium, an optimal resource allocation strategy is found to balance the tradeoff between the evacuees’ risks and the evacuation agency’s operation costs. This leads to the development of a compact polynomial-size linear integer programming formulation that minimizes the total expected system cost from both pre-emergency planning (e.g., facility set-up) and the evacuation operations (e.g., fleet management, transportation, and exposure to hazardous surroundings) across an exponential number of possible disruption scenarios. We also show how the model can be flexibly used to plan not only pre-disaster evacuation but also post-disaster rescue actions. Numerical experiments and an empirical case study for three coastal cities in the State of Mississippi (Biloxi, Gulfport, and D’lberville) are conducted to study the performance of the proposed models and to draw managerial insights.     

西北沙漠戈壁地区混凝土浇筑特殊养护措施费用分析

地处风沙、干旱地区的建设工程,自然环境条件恶劣,混凝土结构物经过浇筑后,需采取特殊养护措施,才能保证工程质量,从而造成费用增加.此文以处于沙漠戈壁地区的LX铁路部分区段为例,就铁路轨道支撑层、道床板和桥梁墩台采用特殊养护措施所需的材料和人工消耗及费用单价进行分析与计算,并与常规养护措施进行比较.说明采取特殊养护措施后相应费用的不足.应研究解决费用增加的方案。     

宁淮高速公路六合服务区设计理念综述

通过宁淮高速公路六合服务区工程的建筑设计,简要介绍了兼顾不同角度的车流和人流的服务区总体布局,以及场地设计、建筑设计、生态设计,从而阐释以人为本的设计理念。     

皮卡:回顾2002,展望2003

2002年是我国皮卡增长的又一个高峰期,激烈的竞争促进了皮卡行业整体的发展,也促使皮卡新品层出,产品呈现多元化。2003年将是皮卡的巩固阶段,皮卡国内外市场将会稳定增长,竞争层面将会拉开,各有侧重。继2002年低价位SUV畅销后,2003年皮卡向多功能商务车升级将是一个热点,另外在竞争方面将更多地打服务牌。     

基于GIS的山区道路灾害多发区段线路方案优选--以迫隆藏布流域为例

论述了基于GIS技术进行山区灾害多发地段线路方案优选的方法。在建立山区灾害区段选线的单因素分析层的基础上 ,提出了应用GIS技术提取山区灾害多发区段影响选线方案的信息。然后 ,应用层次分析方法 (AHP)实现灾害选线多因素的综合分析及多方案综合比选。最后以迫隆藏布流域某灾害多发区段为例验证了这种方法的有效性     

运用线性兴波理论进行船型设计与改进

通过导出简化的兴波阻力理论公式,提出一种运用线性兴波阻力理论进行船型设计与改进的方法。实际应用结果显示,该方法对船型改进很有效,可供船型设计部门及人员应用。     

Assessing asymmetric response effect of behavioral intention to service quality in an integrated psychological decision-making process model of intercity bus passengers: a case of Taiwan

This study introduces the concept of loss aversion to consumer behavioral intention at the personal psychological level to develop an integrative structural equation model for analyzing traveler psychological decision making. In this model, the relationship between behavioral intention and service quality is a non-smooth function based on the theory of loss aversion. The expectation service quality in the SERVQUAL model proposed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (PZB) serves as a reference point. This model can be applied to analyze the effect of non-smooth response of behavioral intention to service quality in a traveler psychological decision-making process model. Intercity travel among cities in Taiwan is used as an empirical example. Data were gathered in cities in Taiwan via a questionnaire survey, and the model was tested using path analysis performed by LISREL. The empirical result shows that all causal relationships are statistically significant. Service quality loss influences repurchase intention more than does Service quality gain. Finally, this study concludes by discussing managerial implications and suggesting directions for future research.

Examining the influence of multidestination service orientation on transit service productivity: a multivariate analysis

Between 1990 and 2000, U.S. transit agencies added service and increased ridership, but the ridership increase failed to keep pace with the service increase. The result was a decline in service effectiveness (or productivity). This marks the continuation of a long-running and often-studied trend. The scholarly literature attributes this phenomenon, at least in part, to transit agency decisions to decentralize their service rather than focus on serving the traditional CBD market. Many scholars argue that a decentralized service orientation is both ineffective and inefficient because it attracts few riders and requires large per-rider subsidies. This research tests whether a non-traditional, decentralized service orientation, called multidestination service, results in reduced service productivity. Contrary to what the literature suggests, we find that MSAs whose transit agencies pursued a multidestination service orientation did not experience lower productivity. These results indicate that policies that have encouraged the growth of decentralized transit services have not necessarily been detrimental to the industry.

非线性优化AHP法在公交服务水平评价中应用

本文应用非线性优化AHP法确定指标权重系数,改进了传统AHP法的不足之处,针对评价指标的模糊性,建立城市公交服务水平模糊综合评价模型,并通过实例分析和计算,验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

浅谈铁朝高速公路服务区分期建设

详细论述了铁朝服务区分期建设的背景情况,在交通量预测的基础上、分析实际需求,推测建设标准及建设规模,对社会效益进行综合评价,为同类工程提供借鉴。