大断面盾构隧道管片设计内力和变形极值分析

文章以双车道高速公路越江盾构隧道为例,设计了一种10块分管片结构,其分块为1K(18°) 2A (31°) 7B(40°)=360°。对采用匀质圆环和铰接圆环模型模拟装配式管片结构,进行了不同拼装方式下管片结构的内力和变形极值分析,得出了不同模型下管片结构的内力和变形图特征及变化规律。采用匀质圆环模型计算控制最大正负弯矩和最小变形,而采用铰接圆环模型计算控制最小正负弯矩和最大变形以及最大和最小剪力,不同的拼装方式控制不同的内力和变形设计值。     

珠江口海底隧道盾构法施工方案可行性分析

盾构法已经在国内外的地下工程中被广泛运用,特别是国外一些著名的海底盾构隧道,如英吉利海峡隧道、日本东京湾海底公路隧道、荷兰W esterschelde隧道;国内盾构技术也发展迅速,先后建成上海大连路、复兴东路过江盾构隧道,还有在建的上海翔殷路越江公路隧道、上中路隧道和已经开工建设的武汉、南京、上海长江桥隧工程等。这些海底、江底隧道的修建为盾构隧道的发展积累了丰富的经验。文章首先论述了国内外大直径、高水压、长距离推进等盾构施工关键技术,并结合珠江口海底隧道的建设条件与国内外的施工成功实例,对海底隧道盾构法施工方案的可行性进行了初步研究。     

仑-大区间隧道过河段盾构掘进难点及措施

文章以广州市轨道交通四号线大学城专线中,仑头至大学城区间右线隧道为例,介绍盾构机过仑头海掘进和在江底被困情况,阐述盾构机过河段掘进难点及处理措施,可供类似工程借鉴。     

相依性条件下滨海软土隧道盾构施工渗漏水风险评价

滨海地区多为海相和湖相沉积的软土,施工难度大,渗漏水病害多发,因此,应对盾构施工过程的渗漏水风险进行评价来保证隧道安全施工。构建渗漏水风险评价三级指标体系,将云模型与Copula函数结合,基于Copula函数对于风险指标中相关风险因素的相依性处理,云理论对于定性与定量概念的处理与转换优势,构建相依性条件下的二维和三维云-Copula模型。以宁波市轨道交通1号线为例,利用云-Copula模型计算二级指标对于各个风险等级的隶属度,确定危险性较大的二级指标为注浆质量、止水条、衬砌混凝土自防水。利用D-S证据理论进行证据融合确定该检测区段渗漏水病害的风险状态为安全,但有向基本安全状态发展的趋势。通过对危险性较大的指标加强监控,使渗漏水得到有效控制,为软土盾构隧道施工过程中渗漏水病害的风险评价与管理提供了一种新的方法。     

高水压盾构隧道管片接缝防水可靠性试验研究

盾构隧道管片衬砌防水至关重要,而在东亚地区大部分盾构隧道都采用单层衬砌,由于没有内衬,则弹性密封垫的可靠性变得更为关键.作者以南京市纬三路过江隧道工程为依托,研制了全新的高水压、全自动三向加载防水性能试验系统,并运用工程实际1∶1的弹性密封垫和混凝土试件,进行了多组密封垫装配力及一字缝、T字缝防水性能试验,从而研究优化出了性能、结构优异的三元乙丙橡胶弹性密封垫断面形式.试验结果表明,密封垫装配力与其防水性能存在很大程度上的相关性;密封垫的硬度、沟槽填充率在不同程度上对密封垫防水性能有直接影响.     

Sustainability and automobility among the elderly: An international assessment

In the next three decades there will a huge increase in both the absolute number of older people and in their percentage of the populationin almost all Western European countries, North America, and Australia. Most older people will have active lifestyles in which mobility and access play a major role and almost all older men and a majority of older women will be car drivers, used to the convenience and flexibility which the car provides.Using data from the US, Australia, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the paper shows that, in spite of cultural and policy differences, older people around the world are more likely to have a license, to take more trips, and to do so more often as the driver of a car than older people just a decade ago; they are also less likely to use public transit. These trends have a number of sustainability implications – the most obvious one is increased environmental pollution. For example, even though older people may travel less than younger drivers they may be polluting proportionately more because a) they are less likely to make as great a proportion of trips in public transit as younger people and b) the trips they do make may create more pollutants. In addition, older drivers may incur more wasted miles due to wayfinding errors and trip-scouting behavior. And when older people curtail their driving, younger family members may have to increase (or lengthen) their trip-making to provide needed services or additional transportation.While this paper stresses the environmental problems posed by an aging population, effective strategies arise from a focus on a broader definition of sustainability. The most important approach is to accept the inevitable and work to make the private car "greener" and safer. New transit service concepts and strategic community and neighborhood design and service elements can complement the development of cleaner cars.Although many of the potential strategies are not new, or can be expensive to implement, the convergence of environmental concerns with other problems arising from the automobility of the elderly – including increasing crash rates and serious loss of mobility among those unable to drive – may make these policies more politically viable than in the past.     

无证驾驶自动查处系统的设计与探讨

文章结合现有的无证驾驶查处方式带来的问题和弊病,基于智能交通系统的相关技术,介绍了无证驾驶自动查处系统功能模块的设计、安装及关键技术,为无证驾驶系统的研发提供参考。     

基于DSP的嵌入式驾驶疲劳监测系统研究

为了进行有效的、实时的、非接触式的驾驶员疲劳检测,采取NHTSA和FHWA推荐的非接触式疲劳检测方法PERCLOS,利用TI公司的专用图像处理DSP芯片TMS320DM642,构建了车载的基于DSP的嵌入式驾驶疲劳监测系统。首先使用肤色模型算法迅速定位人脸,然后利用累积差分帧和Hough变换等实时图像处理技术来检测、跟踪眼睛,分析眼睛的状态和提取眼睛的特征参数,计算PERCLOS值、判断疲劳程度并采取报警或其他措施。试验结果表明,系统的算法简单、快速、鲁棒性强。     

公路空间视距计算方法与检测技术

为了精确计算公路在三维空间中的实际视距,提出了空间视距的概念,通过延伸应用空间两点通视原理,建立了空间视距计算和分析的数学模型。基于计算机仿真技术开发出对空间视距的实时检测技术,通过将设计视距、运行视距和空间视距3种视距对比分析,给出了发现视距不足的方法。与早前的视距计算方法和研究相比,该方法对正常路面、行车道空间视距计算准确,能够计算和分析公路路侧附属设施对视距的影响,为公路几何设计和安全评价提供了依据。     

纯电动轻型商用车驱动电机与动力电池选型

通过对纯电动轻型商用车的开发设计,阐述根据整车主要性能的要求,对驱动电机与动力电池的选型进行合理计算和设计匹配,为纯电动轻型商用车的电驱动系统初步选型提供设计依据,并使其满足整车动力性及可靠性的要求。